Yang Yanbo, Wei Chenhui, Xiao Lu, Zhong Zhaoliang, Li Qi, Wang Huimei, Wang Wenjie
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 2):156192. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156192. Epub 2022 May 23.
Urbanization is one of the primary drivers of terrestrial modification, with marked biological homogenization worldwide but relatively poor knowledge of woody phylogenetic diversity. Here, we investigated 943 plots, about 93,000 woody plants from 130 species in Northeast China, and calculated six phylogenetic diversity indexes, and urbanization landscape metrics; the responses of phylogenetic diversity to urbanization and its coupling relationship with landscape features were explored at 25 km × 25 km, 50 km × 50 km and 75 km × 75 km grid scales. We found that urbanization had enhanced the evolutionary distinctiveness of woody plants, characterizing as increasing Faith phylogenetic diversity (FPD) and their mean pairwise distance (MPD) while decreasing the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD); these trends were independent of landscape scales and gymnosperm inclusion or not. As indicated by increasing SesMPD (Standardized MPD), the dominant role of community assemblage changed from environmental filtering in low urbanization intensity (UI) to competitive exclusion in high UI regions. Artificial surface area (ASA) and its percentage, SHAPE_F (Shape index of forest), and PD_F (Patch density of forest) had a threshold effect on phylogenetic diversity. ASA%, GDP (gross domestic product), and population density were the most potent predictors for the variations of phylogenetic diversity, and GDP contributed the most (42.9%). A higher GDP accompanied a higher FPD, SesPD (Standardized FPD), and SesMNTD (Standardized MNTD); higher PD_F and lower SHAPE_F were associated with higher MNTD, MPD, and SesMPD. In conclusion, urbanization strongly modifies woody plant phylogenetic diversity. Identifying the threshold effects and significant factors for phylogenetic variations allows biodiversity assessment and conservation through proper landscape configuration under the urbanization context.
城市化是陆地环境变化的主要驱动因素之一，在全球范围内导致了显著的生物同质化现象，但我们对木本植物系统发育多样性的了解相对较少。在此，我们调查了中国东北地区的943个样地，涉及130个物种的约93000株木本植物，计算了六个系统发育多样性指数以及城市化景观指标；并在25 km×25 km、50 km×50 km和75 km×75 km的网格尺度上，探讨了系统发育多样性对城市化的响应及其与景观特征的耦合关系。我们发现，城市化增强了木本植物的进化独特性，表现为费思系统发育多样性（FPD）及其平均成对距离（MPD）增加，而平均最近类群距离（MNTD）减小；这些趋势与景观尺度以及是否纳入裸子植物无关。标准化平均成对距离（SesMPD）的增加表明，群落组装的主导作用从低城市化强度（UI）下的环境过滤转变为高UI区域的竞争排斥。人工表面积（ASA）及其百分比、森林形状指数（SHAPE_F）和森林斑块密度（PD_F）对系统发育多样性具有阈值效应。ASA百分比、国内生产总值（GDP）和人口密度是系统发育多样性变化的最有力预测因子，其中GDP的贡献最大（42.9%）。较高的GDP伴随着较高的FPD、标准化系统发育多样性（SesPD）和标准化平均最近类群距离（SesMNTD）；较高的PD_F和较低的SHAPE_F与较高的MNTD、MPD和SesMPD相关。总之，城市化强烈改变了木本植物的系统发育多样性。识别系统发育变化的阈值效应和重要因素，有助于在城市化背景下通过合理的景观配置进行生物多样性评估和保护。
