Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
Dept of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Italy.
Biol Psychol. 2022 Jul;172:108360. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108360. Epub 2022 May 23.
Receiving feedback on action correctness is a relevant factor in learning, but only a few recent studies have investigated the neural bases involved in feedback processing and its consequences on performance. Several event-related potentials (ERP) studies investigated the feedback-related negativity, which is an ERP occurring after the presentation of a feedback stimulus. In contrast, the present study investigates the effect of providing feedback on brain activities before and after the presentation of an imperative stimulus with the aim to show how this could have an impact on cognitive functions related to anticipatory and post-stimulus task processing. Participants performed a standard visuomotor task and a modified version of the same task in which feedback sounds were emitted when participants committed performance errors. Overall, results showed that in the feedback task subjects have better cognitive control than in the standard task. All behavioral measures were improved in the feedback task. At the brain level, all the studied components were modulated by the presence of the feedback cue. Results pointed to a possible increase of anticipatory activity in the prefrontal cortex, a reduction of perceptual awareness in areas previously associated with the anterior insular cortex, and an increase of activity associated with selective attention in sensory cortices.
接收关于动作正确性的反馈是学习的一个相关因素，但只有少数最近的研究调查了涉及反馈处理的神经基础及其对性能的影响。几项事件相关电位（ERP）研究调查了反馈相关负波，这是在反馈刺激呈现后发生的一种 ERP。相比之下，本研究调查了在呈现强制性刺激之前和之后提供反馈对大脑活动的影响，目的是展示这如何对与预期和刺激后任务处理相关的认知功能产生影响。参与者执行了一项标准的视觉运动任务和该任务的一个修改版本，在该版本中，当参与者犯了性能错误时，会发出反馈声音。总的来说，结果表明，在反馈任务中，参与者的认知控制能力比在标准任务中要好。在反馈任务中，所有行为测量都得到了改善。在大脑水平上，所有研究的成分都受到反馈提示的调制。结果表明，在前额叶皮层中可能会增加预期活动，在前岛叶皮层相关区域中减少感知意识，以及在感觉皮层中与选择性注意相关的活动增加。
