Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
Institute of Graduate Programs, Department of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(48):73171-73180. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21050-y. Epub 2022 May 27.
Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater and plays a critical role in addressing global water scarcity. While numerous studies have focused on the water footprint (WF) of various agricultural products, little attention has been paid to changing cropping patterns and their impact on WF. Here, we investigate the impact of conversion from hazelnut fields to kiwi orchards on green, blue, and gray WF between 2010 and 2021 in Ordu, Turkey. Our results show a total increase of 803,901 tons WF for all green, blue, and gray WF. Compared to the previous situation, changing the agricultural product and growing kiwifruit on previously established hazelnut fields increases green WF by 372,106 tons and blue WF by 334,167 tons. Thus, the change of cultivation pattern could significantly contribute to the water scarcity in the area, and at the same time, the increase in WF. Although kiwi cultivation might be advantageous economically, this economic benefit might be an ecological disadvantage as kiwi production is highly dependent on limited blue water resources. Therefore, it is suggested to further promote the rain-fed product, the hazelnut.
农业是淡水的最大消费者，在解决全球水资源短缺方面发挥着关键作用。尽管许多研究都集中在各种农产品的水足迹 (WF) 上，但很少关注种植模式的变化及其对 WF 的影响。在这里，我们研究了 2010 年至 2021 年期间，土耳其奥尔杜将榛子田转换为猕猴桃果园对绿色、蓝色和灰色 WF 的影响。我们的研究结果表明，所有绿色、蓝色和灰色 WF 的总 WF 增加了 803901 吨。与之前的情况相比，将农业产品改为在之前建立的榛子田上种植猕猴桃，绿色 WF 增加了 372106 吨，蓝色 WF 增加了 334167 吨。因此，种植模式的改变可能会显著加剧该地区的水资源短缺，同时增加 WF。尽管猕猴桃种植在经济上可能具有优势，但由于猕猴桃生产高度依赖有限的蓝水资源，这种经济效益可能是生态上的劣势。因此，建议进一步推广雨养产品榛子。
