Zhao Shouping, Ye Xuezhu, Chen De, Zhang Qi, Xiao Wendan, Wu Shaofu, Hu Jing, Gao Na, Huang Miaojie
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Shaoxing Grain and Oil Crop Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing Agricultural Bureau, Shaoxing 312000, China.
Toxics. 2022 May 18;10(5):259. doi: 10.3390/toxics10050259.
To fulfill sustainability principles, a three-site field experiment was conducted to screen suitably mixed passivators from lime + biochar (L + C, 9000 kgha with a rate of 1:1) and lime + biochar + sepiolite (L + C + S, 9000 kg ha with a rate of 1:1:1), in Yuecheng (YC), Zhuji (ZJ), and Fuyang (FY), where there are typical contaminated soils, in South China. Treated with passivators in soil, DTPA-extractable Cd, Crand Pb in soil were decreased by 9.87-26.3%, 37.2-67.5%, and 19.0-54.2%, respectively; Cd, Cr, and Pb in rice were decreased by 85.9-91.5%, 40.0-76.5%, and 16.4-45.4%, respectively; and these were followed by slightly higher efficacy of L + C + S than L + C. The differences between L + C and L + C + S mainly lie in soil microbial communities, enzymes, and fertility. In YC, treatment with L + C + S increased microbial carbon and activities of urease (EC3.5.1.5) and phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) by 21.0%, 85.5%, and 22.3%; while treatment with L + C decreased microbial carbon and activities of phosphatase and sucrose (EC3.2.1.26) by 1.31%, 34.9%, and 43.4%, respectively. Moreover, the treatment of FY soils with L + C + S increased microbial carbon and activities of urease, phosphatase, and sucrase by 35.4%, 41.6%, 27.9%, and 7.37%; and L + C treatment only increased the microbial carbon and the activity of phosphatase by 3.14% and 30.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the organic matter and available nitrogen were also increased by 8.8-19.0% and 7.4-14.6% with L + C + S treatments, respectively. These suggested that the combination of L + C + S stimulated the growth of soil microbial communities and increased the activity of soil enzymes. Therefore, the L + C + S strategy can be a practical and effective measure for safe rice production as it was more suitable for the remediation of heavy metals in our experimental sites.
为践行可持续发展原则，在中国南方典型污染土壤分布的越城（YC）、诸暨（ZJ）和富阳（FY）开展了一项三地田间试验，以筛选石灰 + 生物炭（L + C，9000千克/公顷，比例为1:1）和石灰 + 生物炭 + 海泡石（L + C + S，9000千克/公顷，比例为1:1:1）的合适混合钝化剂。土壤经钝化剂处理后，土壤中DTPA可提取态镉、铬和铅分别降低了9.87% - 26.3%、37.2% - 67.5%和19.0% - 54.2%；水稻中的镉、铬和铅分别降低了85.9% - 91.5%、40.0% - 76.5%和16.4% - 45.4%；且L + C + S的效果略高于L + C。L + C和L + C + S之间的差异主要体现在土壤微生物群落、酶和肥力方面。在YC，L + C + S处理使微生物碳以及脲酶（EC3.5.1.5）和磷酸酶（EC3.1.3.1）活性分别提高了21.0%、85.5%和22.3%；而L + C处理使微生物碳以及磷酸酶和蔗糖酶（EC3.2.1.26）活性分别降低了1.31%、34.9%和43.4%。此外，FY土壤经L + C + S处理后，微生物碳以及脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高了35.4%、41.6%、27.9%和7.37%；L + C处理仅使微生物碳和磷酸酶活性分别提高了3.14%和30.3%。此外，L + C + S处理还使土壤有机质和有效氮分别增加了8.8% - 19.0%和7.4% - 14.6%。这些表明L + C + S组合促进了土壤微生物群落的生长并提高了土壤酶活性。因此，L + C + S策略对于安全水稻生产而言可能是一项切实有效的措施，因为它更适合我们试验地点的重金属修复。
