Masseroni Andrea, Rizzi Cristiana, Urani Chiara, Villa Sara
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Toxics. 2022 May 23;10(5):270. doi: 10.3390/toxics10050270.
Nanoplastics (NPs) are particles ranging in size between 1 and 1000 nm, and they are a form of environmental contaminant of great ecotoxicological concern. Although NPs are widespread across ecosystems, they have only recently garnered growing attention from both the scientific community and regulatory bodies. The present study reviews scientific literature related to the exposure and effects of NPs and identifies research gaps that impede the finalization of related environmental risk assessments (ERAs). Approximately 80 articles published between 2012 and 2021 were considered. Very few studies (eight articles) focused on the presence of NPs in biotic matrices, whereas the majority of the studies (62 articles) assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of NPs on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Whilst many studies focused on nude NPs, only a few considered their association with different aggregates. Amongst NPs, the effects of polystyrene are the most extensively reported to date. Moreover, the effects of NPs on aquatic organisms are better characterized than those on terrestrial organisms. NP concentrations detected in water were close to or even higher than the sublethal levels for organisms. An ERA framework specifically tailored to NPs is proposed.
纳米塑料（NPs）是尺寸在1至1000纳米之间的颗粒，是一种引起极大生态毒理学关注的环境污染物形式。尽管纳米塑料在整个生态系统中广泛存在，但直到最近它们才越来越受到科学界和监管机构的关注。本研究回顾了与纳米塑料的暴露和影响相关的科学文献，并确定了阻碍相关环境风险评估（ERA）最终确定的研究空白。考虑了2012年至2021年间发表的约80篇文章。很少有研究（8篇文章）关注生物基质中纳米塑料的存在，而大多数研究（62篇文章）评估了纳米塑料对水生和陆地生物的致死和亚致死影响。虽然许多研究关注裸纳米塑料，但只有少数研究考虑了它们与不同聚集体的关联。在纳米塑料中，聚苯乙烯的影响是迄今为止报道最为广泛的。此外，纳米塑料对水生生物的影响比对陆地生物的影响有更充分的描述。水中检测到的纳米塑料浓度接近甚至高于生物的亚致死水平。提出了一个专门针对纳米塑料的环境风险评估框架。
