College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt D):113565. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113565. Epub 2022 May 25.
Microplastics entering the digestive system of living organisms can serve as a carrier of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOPs), increasing their exposure levels and the health risks they pose to both humans and animals. The desorption kinetics of six polyhalocarbazoles (PHCZs) from 5 mm and 0.15 mm polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastic particles were assessed using a combined microplastics and food system, representing the gastric system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Results showed that the chemical transfer of PHCZs is biphasic and reversible, with rapid exchange occurring within 2-48 h, followed by a period of slow transfer, which continues for weeks to months. The desorption capacity of PHCZs loaded on 0.15 mm microplastic particles was greater than that of 5 mm particles. The bioavailability percentage of PHCZ congeners for PP (24.2%-65.3%) and PVC (43.5%-57.2%) in the vertebrate fluid system were all lower than those in the invertebrate system (34.2%-70.7% for PP and 56.3%-72.7% for PVC, respectively). These findings indicate that physiological conditions, such as polarity, ingestion fluid, and microplastic affect the desorption of PHCZs from microplastics. In addition, desorption from PP was inhibited by the presence of foodstuff loaded with PHCZs due to competition, while desorption from PVC was not significantly affected by the presence of PHCZs contaminant food. Microplastics could provide a cleaning function in gastric fluid systems containing contaminated foodstuff, especially PP, which was capable of competitive adsorption of PHCZs from food. Few investigations have focused on the adverse effects of microplastic ingestion on human health, particularly in their role as vectors for HOPs, compared to other routes of exposure and transport. Therefore, these findings provide valuable insight into the health risks associated with dietary intake of microplastics and HOPs.
进入生物消化系统的微塑料可以作为疏水性有机污染物（HOPs）的载体，增加其暴露水平以及对人类和动物造成的健康风险。通过组合微塑料和食物系统，评估了六聚多卤代咔唑（PHCZs）从 5mm 和 0.15mm 聚丙烯（PP）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）微塑料颗粒中的解吸动力学，该系统代表了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的胃系统。结果表明，PHCZs 的化学传递是两相和可逆的，在 2-48 小时内快速交换，然后是缓慢转移的时期，持续数周到数月。负载在 0.15mm 微塑料颗粒上的 PHCZs 的解吸容量大于 5mm 颗粒。脊椎动物流体系统中 PHCZ 同系物对 PP（24.2%-65.3%）和 PVC（43.5%-57.2%）的生物利用率均低于无脊椎动物系统（PP 为 34.2%-70.7%，PVC 为 56.3%-72.7%）。这些发现表明，生理条件，如极性、摄入液和微塑料，会影响 PHCZs 从微塑料中的解吸。此外，由于竞争，含有 PHCZs 的食物负载会抑制 PP 中 PHCZs 的解吸，而 PVC 中 PHCZs 污染食物的存在对解吸没有显著影响。微塑料在含有污染食物的胃液系统中可能具有清洁功能，特别是 PP，它能够从食物中竞争吸附 PHCZs。与其他暴露和运输途径相比，很少有研究关注微塑料摄入对人类健康的不良影响，尤其是在作为 HOPs 载体方面。因此，这些发现为与饮食摄入微塑料和 HOPs 相关的健康风险提供了有价值的见解。
