Yamaguchi Kosuke, Chen Xiaoying, Oji Asami, Hiratani Ichiro, Defossez Pierre-Antoine
UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (RIKEN BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 May 12;14(10):2384. doi: 10.3390/cancers14102384.
Epigenetic abnormalities are extremely widespread in cancer. Some of them are mere consequences of transformation, but some actively contribute to cancer initiation and progression; they provide powerful new biological markers, as well as new targets for therapies. In this review, we examine the recent literature and focus on one particular aspect of epigenome deregulation: large-scale chromatin changes, causing global changes of DNA methylation or histone modifications. After a brief overview of the one-dimension (1D) and three-dimension (3D) epigenome in healthy cells and of its homeostasis mechanisms, we use selected examples to describe how many different events (mutations, changes in metabolism, and infections) can cause profound changes to the epigenome and fuel cancer. We then present the consequences for therapies and briefly discuss the role of single-cell approaches for the future progress of the field.
表观遗传异常在癌症中极为普遍。其中一些仅仅是细胞转化的结果，但有些则积极促进癌症的发生和发展；它们提供了强大的新生物标志物以及新的治疗靶点。在本综述中，我们研究了近期的文献，并聚焦于表观基因组失调的一个特定方面：大规模染色质变化，其会导致DNA甲基化或组蛋白修饰的全局性改变。在简要概述健康细胞中的一维（1D）和三维（3D）表观基因组及其稳态机制之后，我们通过选定的例子来描述许多不同的事件（突变、代谢变化和感染）如何导致表观基因组发生深刻变化并推动癌症发展。然后，我们阐述这些变化对治疗的影响，并简要讨论单细胞方法在该领域未来进展中的作用。
