Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 16;19(10):6049. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106049.
Water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are limited where the demands of agriculture, drinking and industry are increasing, especially in drought areas. These regions are subjected to climate changes (CC) that affect the watershed duration and water supplies. Estimations of flash flooding (FF) volume and discharge are required for future development to meet the water demands in these water scarcity regions. Moreover, FF in hot deserts is characterized by low duration, high velocity and peak discharge with a large volume of sediment. Today, the trends of flash flooding due to CC have become very dangerous and affect water harvesting volume and human life due to flooding hazards. The current study forecasts the peak discharges and volumes in the desert of El-Qaa plain in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, for drought and wet seasons by studying the influence of recurrence intervals for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. Watershed modeling system software (WMS) is used and applied for the current study area delineation. The results show that the predictions of peak discharges reached 0, 0.44, 45.72, 195.45, 365.91 and 575.30 cubic meters per s (m s) while the volumes reached 0, 23, 149.80, 2,896,241.40, 12,664,963.80 and 36,681,492.60 cubic meters (m) for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, respectively, which are precipitation depths of 15.20, 35.30, 50.60, 70.70, 85.90 and 101 mm, respectively. Additionally, the average annual precipitation reached 13.37 mm, with peak flow and volume reaching 0 m s where all of water harvesting returned losses. Moreover, future charts and equations were developed to estimate the peak flow and volume, which are useful for future rainwater harvesting and the design of protection against flooding hazards in drought regions due to CC for dry and wet seasons. This study provides relevant information for hazard and risk assessment for FF in hot desert regions. The study recommends investigating the impact of recurrence intervals on sediment transport in these regions.
干旱和半干旱地区的水资源有限，而农业、饮用水和工业的需求却在不断增加，特别是在干旱地区。这些地区受到气候变化（CC）的影响，这会影响流域持续时间和供水。为了满足这些水资源短缺地区的用水需求，需要对洪水（FF）的体积和排放量进行估算。此外，炎热沙漠中的洪水具有持续时间短、流速高、峰值流量大、泥沙量大的特点。如今，由于 CC 导致的洪水趋势变得非常危险，由于洪水灾害，影响了集水的体积和人类的生命。本研究通过研究重现期为 2、5、10、25、50 和 100 年对干旱和湿润季节的影响，预测了埃及西南西奈半岛 El-Qaa 平原沙漠的洪峰流量和洪水量。流域模型系统软件（WMS）用于当前研究区域的划定。结果表明，洪峰预测值达到 0、0.44、45.72、195.45、365.91 和 575.30 立方米每秒（m/s），而体积则达到 0、23、149.80、2、896.241.40、12、664.963.80 和 36681492.60 立方米（m），分别对应于 2、5、10、25、50 和 100 年的降雨量深度为 15.20、35.30、50.60、70.70、85.90 和 101mm。此外，平均年降水量为 13.37mm，洪峰流量和洪水量均为 0m/s，所有集水都损失了。此外，还开发了未来图表和方程来估算洪峰流量和洪水量，这对于未来干旱地区的雨水集蓄和防洪设计以及 CC 对干、湿季节的影响是有用的。本研究为炎热沙漠地区洪水的危害和风险评估提供了相关信息。研究建议调查重现期对这些地区泥沙输运的影响。
