Shaikhiev Ildar, Shaykhieva Karina, Sverguzova Svetlana, Fomina Ekaterina, Vinogradenko Yuriy, Fediuk Roman, Amran Mugahed, Svintsov Alexander P, Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez de, Gunasekaran Murali
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420074 Kazan, Russia.
Department of Industrial Ecology, Belgorod State Technological University, V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia.
Materials (Basel). 2022 May 10;15(10):3428. doi: 10.3390/ma15103428.
For the first time, a comprehensive review of the literature data on the use of apricot () biomass components as a sorption material for the treatment of wastewater and environmental water from various pollutants is carried out in the present study. In addition to a comprehensive analysis of contemporary studies, the current work carried out its own microstructural and energy dispersive studies. It shows that apricot kernel shell is a promising raw material for obtaining sorption materials that can be used to extract various pollutants from aqueous media. The parameters of sorption interaction are presented, at which the highest rate of removal of pollutants was achieved. It is shown that the sorption capacity of apricot biomass components can be increased by modifying it with various chemical reagents, as well as other physical and physicochemical methods. We reveal that most publications consider the use of the latter as a raw material for the production of activated carbons. It is established that the surface area and total pore space of activated carbons from apricot kernel shells depend on the modes of carbonization and activation. It is shown that activated carbons are effective adsorbents for removing various pollutants (metal ions, dyes, oil and oil products) from aqueous media. It was found that the adsorption isotherms of pollutants in most cases are best described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the process kinetics is most often described by the pseudo-second-order model. The possibility of improving the sorption characteristics of apricot biomass during chemical or physicochemical treatment is also shown.
本研究首次对杏（）生物质成分作为吸附材料用于处理含各种污染物的废水和环境水的文献数据进行了全面综述。除了对当代研究进行全面分析外，本研究还开展了自身的微观结构和能谱研究。结果表明，杏核壳是获取可用于从水介质中提取各种污染物的吸附材料的一种有前景的原材料。文中给出了吸附相互作用的参数，在这些参数下实现了污染物的最高去除率。结果表明，通过用各种化学试剂以及其他物理和物理化学方法对杏生物质进行改性，可以提高其吸附容量。我们发现，大多数出版物将后者视为生产活性炭的原材料。已确定由杏核壳制备的活性炭的表面积和总孔隙空间取决于碳化和活化方式。结果表明，活性炭是从水介质中去除各种污染物（金属离子、染料、油和油品）的有效吸附剂。研究发现，在大多数情况下，污染物的吸附等温线最好用朗缪尔模型和弗伦德里希模型来描述，而过程动力学最常由准二级模型来描述。研究还表明了在化学或物理化学处理过程中改善杏生物质吸附特性的可能性。
