Taqui Syed Noeman, Syed Usman Taqui, Syed Raihan Taqui, Alqahtani Mohammed Saeed, Abbas Mohamed, Syed Akheel Ahmed
CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 May 15;12(10):1684. doi: 10.3390/nano12101684.
This research reports the first-ever study on abundantly available, environmentally friendly, low-cost and ready-for-use Nutraceutical Industrial Cumin Seed Spent (NICUS) as an innovative adsorbent for bioremediation of a bisazo Acid Red 119 (AR119) dye, a probable mutagen from textile industrial effluents (TIEs). The experiment at the laboratory scale is designed to suit the concepts of sustainability and valorisation under the domain of circular economy. The experimental value obtained was 96.00 mg g. The optimised conditions of parameters are as follows: pH of 2; adsorption time, 210 min; adsorbent dosage, 0.300 g L; particle size, 175 µM; initial dye concentration, 950 mg L; orbital shaking, 165 rpm and temperature, 50 °C, producing an impressive value of 748 mg of dye adsorbing on 1 g of dry NICUS. The adsorption capacity of NICUS obtained from the quadratic model developed for process optimisation gave values of 748 mg g. As a prelude to commercialisation, five variables that affect the adsorption process were experimentally studied. For the feasibility and efficiency of the process, a two-level fractional factorial experimental design (FFED) was applied to identify variables that influence the adsorption capacity of NICUS. The identified variables were applied to scale experiments by three orders. Nine isotherm models were used to analyse the adsorption equilibrium data. The Vieth-Sladek adsorption isotherm model was found to be the best fit. The pseudo-second-order reaction was the appropriate mechanism for the overall rate of the adsorption process. Mechanistic studies related to mass transfer phenomena were more likely to be dominant over the diffusion process. Techniques such as SEM, FTIR and CHN analysis were used to characterise NICUS. The dye-adsorbed NICUS obtained as "sludge" was used as a reinforcing material for the fabrication of composites using plastic waste. The physicomechanical and chemical properties of thermoplastic and thermoset composite using dye-adsorbed NICUS were evaluated and compared with NICUS composites. Prospects of integrating Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) into the circular economy of Nutraceutical Industrial Spent (NIS) are discussed.
本研究首次报道了关于营养保健品工业废弃孜然籽（NICUS）的研究，该物质来源丰富、环境友好、成本低廉且可直接使用，是一种用于生物修复双偶氮酸性红119（AR119）染料的创新吸附剂，AR119是纺织工业废水（TIEs）中一种可能的诱变剂。实验室规模的实验旨在符合循环经济领域的可持续性和增值概念。获得的实验值为96.00 mg/g。参数的优化条件如下：pH为2；吸附时间为210分钟；吸附剂用量为0.300 g/L；粒径为175 µm；初始染料浓度为950 mg/L；轨道振荡速度为165 rpm；温度为50°C，1 g干燥的NICUS对染料的吸附量达到了令人印象深刻的748 mg。从为工艺优化而开发的二次模型中获得的NICUS吸附容量值为748 mg/g。作为商业化的前奏，对影响吸附过程的五个变量进行了实验研究。为了评估该工艺的可行性和效率，应用了两级分式析因实验设计（FFED）来确定影响NICUS吸附容量的变量。确定的变量被应用于三个数量级的规模实验。使用九个等温线模型来分析吸附平衡数据。发现维思 - 斯拉德克吸附等温线模型拟合效果最佳。准二级反应是吸附过程总速率的合适机制。与传质现象相关的机理研究在扩散过程中更可能占主导地位。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和碳氢氮分析（CHN）等技术对NICUS进行了表征。作为“污泥”获得的吸附染料的NICUS被用作使用塑料废料制造复合材料的增强材料。评估了使用吸附染料的NICUS的热塑性和热固性复合材料的物理力学和化学性质，并与NICUS复合材料进行了比较。讨论了将中小企业（SMEs）纳入营养保健品工业废料（NIS）循环经济的前景。
