Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China.
Nutrients. 2022 May 19;14(10):2127. doi: 10.3390/nu14102127.
There is little evidence for the association between fruit juice, especially 100% fruit juice, and mortality risk. In addition, whether 100% fruit juice can be a healthy alternative to whole fruit remains uncertain. This prospective study utilized the data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. After a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 4904 deaths among 40,074 participants aged 18 years or older were documented. Compared to non-consumption, daily consumption of 250 g or more of 100% fruit juice was associated with higher overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.52) and mortality from heart disease (HR = 1.49, 95 CI: 1.01-2.21). A similar pattern was observed for total fruit juice, with HRs of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.09-1.49) for overall mortality and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.01-2.17) for heart disease mortality. Replacing 5% of energy from whole fruit with 100% or total fruit juice was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 2-16%) and 8% (95% CI: 1-15%) increased mortality risk, respectively. Our findings suggest that both total and 100% fruit juice could be associated with high mortality risk, and need to be validated in well-designed studies given the potential misclassification of diet and death reasons.
目前几乎没有证据表明果汁（尤其是 100%纯果汁）与死亡率之间存在关联。此外，100%纯果汁是否可以作为整个水果的健康替代品仍不确定。本前瞻性研究利用了 1999 年至 2014 年美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。在中位随访 7.8 年后，记录了 40074 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的参与者中 4904 例死亡。与不饮用相比，每天饮用 250 克或更多的 100%纯果汁与全因死亡率（风险比（HR）=1.30，95%置信区间（CI）：1.11-1.52）和心脏病死亡率（HR=1.49，95%CI：1.01-2.21）升高相关。对于总果汁，也观察到类似的模式，全因死亡率的 HR 为 1.28（95%CI：1.09-1.49），心脏病死亡率的 HR 为 1.48（95%CI：1.01-2.17）。用 100%或总果汁代替 5%的来自全水果的能量，与分别增加 9%（95%CI：2-16%）和 8%（95%CI：1-15%）的死亡率风险相关。我们的研究结果表明，总果汁和 100%纯果汁都可能与高死亡率风险相关，鉴于饮食和死亡原因的潜在错误分类，需要在精心设计的研究中进一步验证。
