Kutlu Gamze, Örün Emre
Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2023 Dec;33(12):1233-1242. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2083088. Epub 2022 May 30.
The dramatic growth in health expenditures is an important health policy concern worldwide. Therefore, understanding the factors that increase health expenditures provides policy makers with evidence for decision-making. We aim to examine long-term effects of carbon dioxide emission, urbanization rate and GDP per capita on health expenditures. This study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide emission, urban population, and GDP per capita on health expenditure for 21 OECD countries over the period 1992-2018. Panel ARDL Approach and Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund Panel Co-integration Test have been used in the article. Test results indicate the long-run relationship among health expenditure and carbon dioxide emission, urban population, and GDP per capita. Effect of carbon dioxide emission (CO), urban population, and GDP per capita is significant and positive on health expenditure. Rapid economic growths of OECD countries recently and environmental pollution have increased health expenditures in the long term.
医疗支出的急剧增长是全球重要的卫生政策关注点。因此，了解增加医疗支出的因素可为政策制定者提供决策依据。我们旨在研究二氧化碳排放、城市化率和人均国内生产总值对医疗支出的长期影响。本研究考察了1992年至2018年期间21个经合组织国家的二氧化碳排放、城市人口和人均国内生产总值对医疗支出的影响。本文采用了面板自回归分布滞后模型方法以及根根巴赫、乌尔班和韦斯特伦德面板协整检验。检验结果表明医疗支出与二氧化碳排放、城市人口和人均国内生产总值之间存在长期关系。二氧化碳排放（CO）、城市人口和人均国内生产总值对医疗支出的影响显著且为正向。经合组织国家近期的快速经济增长和环境污染从长期来看增加了医疗支出。
