Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, 14 El. Venizelou Str., 54624 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Gait Posture. 2022 Jul;96:117-122. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.026. Epub 2022 May 23.
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have lower performance in vertical jumps compared to individuals without ID. Training programmes including drop jump (DJ) exercises to gap this deficit are required. However, there is a lack of knowledge on biomechanical variables may influence DJ performance in young people with ID.
Are there differences in the neuromuscular, kinetic and kinematic parameters in DJ between male adolescents with and without ID (WID and NID, respectively).
Thirteen male adolescents WID (Wisk III intelligence quotient: 55.6 ± 11.2) and thirteen age-matched boys NID executed DJ from 30 cm on a force-plate. The vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) electromyogram (EMG) as well as the knee kinematics and kinetics were obtained.
WID had significantly (p < .05) lower DJ height, knee power, peak angular velocity and stiffness compared to NID. VL activity was higher and BF/VL co-activation was lower in WID than NID.
The deficit in DJ performance shown in WID was accompanied with lower power and stiffness, as well as lack of coordination in the lower limb muscles. Improving these variables, with specific and targeted training interventions, may diminish the performance gap with their age-matched counterparts.
与非智力障碍个体相比，智力障碍个体在垂直跳跃方面的表现较差。需要制定包括跳落练习（DJ）在内的训练计划来弥补这一缺陷。然而，对于可能影响智力障碍年轻人 DJ 表现的生物力学变量，我们知之甚少。
智力障碍男性青少年（WID）与非智力障碍男性青少年（NID）在 DJ 中的神经肌肉、动力学和运动学参数是否存在差异。
13 名 WID 男性青少年（Wisk III 智商：55.6±11.2）和 13 名年龄匹配的 NID 男孩在测力板上从 30cm 处进行 DJ。获得股外侧肌（VL）和股二头肌（BF）的肌电图（EMG）以及膝关节运动学和动力学。
WID 的 DJ 高度、膝关节功率、峰值角速度和刚度明显低于 NID（p<.05）。VL 活动在 WID 中高于 NID，BF/VL 共同激活在 WID 中低于 NID。
WID 在 DJ 表现上的缺陷伴随着较低的功率和刚度，以及下肢肌肉协调性不足。通过特定的、有针对性的训练干预来改善这些变量，可能会缩小他们与年龄匹配的同龄人的表现差距。
