The desorption mechanism of dissolved organic matter on pollutants and the change of biodiversity during sediment dredging.

Sediment dredging is an effective means to control the endogenous pollution of lakes, which could significantly change the concentration and composition of organic matter, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the lake. DOM is particularly important for the release of endogenous pollutants, which will inevitably bring an impact on aquatic biodiversity. Nevertheless, in recent research little attention has been paid to the desorption mechanism of DOM on pollutants and the change of biodiversity during dredging. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of DOM in the sediment by taking a sediment dredging project in Dianchi Lake in China for example. The correlations of DOM properties with the desorption behavior of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and the biodiversity of aquatic organisms were analyzed. The results show that the aromaticity and humification of DOM were improved after dredging, and the high molecular weight DOM was degraded into low molecular weight substance. The desorption amount of N, P and heavy metals (Cd, Pb) were decreased as the pH values increased. Moreover, NH-N promoted the release of Pb from DOM, while the release of PO-P was inhibited. Correlation analysis shows that the physicochemical properties of DOM exactly affected the release of N, P, Cd and Pb. It was easier to desorb pollutants with low aromaticity and humification of DOM, leading to a decrease in the diversity of aquatic organisms. This study identified the desorption mechanism of endogenous pollutants in DOM and the ecological risk to aquatic organisms, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of water pollution.