Pak J Biol Sci. 2022 Jan;25(4):358-368. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.358.368.
<b>Background and Objectives:</b> <i>Amomum subulatum</i> (AS) is used to improve cardiac health in traditional medicine practice. The present study evaluates the pharmacological effect of AS aqueous extract on blood pressure in Normotensive (NR) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Blood pressure, Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), was recorded in catheterized Sprague-Dawley rats before and after AS intravenous administration by using Mikro-Tip Pressure-Volume System (MPVS), PowerLab. The receptor activity was assessed by using the drugs Acetylcholine (ACh) and Atropine (Atr). <b>Results:</b> Preliminary phytochemistry of AS suggests that it contains tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) was found to decrease significantly in NR and SHR as compared with the control. The lowest dose (1 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>) produced the least (16%) while 30 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> caused the maximum reduction (40%) in MAP. Electrocardiograph analysis revealed a significant increase in RR interval (decreased heart rate), time-domain Standard Deviation of Interbeat Interval (SDNN) and the Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) and High-frequency Domain (HF%) parameters and a decrease in the Low-Frequency (LF) range, suggesting the activation and involvement of the parasympathetic limb. It was also observed that the cardiovascular effects of AS were comparable to Acetylcholine (ACh) and both were completely blocked by Atropine (1 μg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>). <b>Conclusion:</b> The obtained results suggest that AS has a hypotensive effect, with an impact on the HRV of NR and SHR. <i>Amomum subulatum</i> might cause an augmented effect on the cholinergic limb of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and decrease the blood pressure and heart rate significantly.
<b>背景与目的：</b>砂仁（AS）在传统医学实践中被用于改善心脏健康。本研究评估了 AS 水提取物对正常血压（NR）和自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）血压的药理作用。<b>材料与方法：</b>通过使用 Mikro-Tip 压力-容积系统（MPVS）、PowerLab，在 AS 静脉给药前后记录导管化的斯普拉格-道利大鼠的血压、心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）。使用乙酰胆碱（ACh）和阿托品（Atr）评估受体活性。<b>结果：</b>AS 的初步植物化学研究表明，它含有单宁、类黄酮和皂苷。与对照组相比，NR 和 SHR 的平均动脉压（MAP）均显著降低。最低剂量（1mgkg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>）产生的降低幅度最小（16%），而 30mgkg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>导致的降低幅度最大（40%）。心电图分析显示 RR 间期（心率降低）、时域间的标准差（SDNN）和连续差异的均方根（RMSSD）和高频域（HF%）参数显著增加，低频（LF）范围减少，提示副交感神经支的激活和参与。还观察到 AS 的心血管作用与乙酰胆碱（ACh）相当，两者均被阿托品（1μgkg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>）完全阻断。<b>结论：</b>研究结果表明，AS 具有降压作用，对 NR 和 SHR 的 HRV 有影响。砂仁可能对自主神经系统（ANS）的胆碱能支产生增强作用，显著降低血压和心率。
