Liu Shaohang, Zheng Zihao, Kent Christopher, Briscoe Josie
School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States.
Memory. 2022 Aug;30(7):796-805. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1990963. Epub 2022 May 31.
The benefits of retrieval practice on learning are robust and have transferred from laboratory findings to many real-world educational settings. We report two experiments that investigated a novel retrieval practice technique for remembering arbitrary associations (image-word pairs), with and without reward as a motivator. As well as typical retrieval practice and restudy conditions, we added a third condition of graded retrieval practice in which the image cue was partially released in a progressive process. Experiment 1 found significant benefits of retrieval practice over restudy, with an additional benefit of graded retrieval practice compared with standard retrieval practice after a 48-hour delay between study and retrieval. Experiment 2 included a reward manipulation by giving participants money based on their memory performance. The findings replicated the retrieval practice effects observed in Experiment 1, including a robust advantage for graded retrieval practice. Reward neither changed the additive advantage of graded recall nor the benefit of retrieval practice. The present study adds to the literature indicating that retrieval with progressive retrieval cues can boost the benefit of retrieval practice by generating repeated retrieval attempts. This benefit occurs most for items that are neither too easy nor too challenging to retrieve.
检索练习对学习的益处十分显著，且已从实验室研究结果推广至诸多现实世界的教育场景。我们报告了两项实验，研究了一种用于记忆任意关联（图像 - 单词对）的新型检索练习技术，有无奖励作为激励因素。除了典型的检索练习和重新学习条件外，我们还增加了一种分级检索练习条件，其中图像线索在一个渐进过程中部分释放。实验1发现检索练习相较于重新学习有显著益处，在学习和检索之间延迟48小时后，分级检索练习相较于标准检索练习还有额外益处。实验2通过根据参与者的记忆表现给予金钱进行奖励操纵。研究结果重复了实验1中观察到的检索练习效果，包括分级检索练习的强大优势。奖励既未改变分级回忆的累加优势，也未改变检索练习的益处。本研究补充了相关文献，表明使用渐进检索线索进行检索可以通过产生重复检索尝试来提高检索练习的益处。这种益处对于那些检索起来既不太容易也不太具有挑战性的项目最为明显。
