Rees D C, Knisely J S, Jordan S, Balster R L
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Mar 30;88(1):97-104. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(87)90273-0.
Little is known about the nature of the acute intoxication produced by exposure to high concentrations of toluene such as that which occurs with spills and in solvent abusers. The intoxication may be similar to that produced by classic central nervous system depressants such as the barbiturates. To investigate this hypothesis, drug discrimination procedures were used to compare the acute effects produced by toluene and pentobarbital (PB). Mice were trained to discriminate toluene (100 mg/kg, ip) from vehicle in a two-lever task in which responding was under the control of a fixed-ratio 20 (FR20) schedule of food presentation. Generalization tests were conducted after 20-min inhalation exposures to toluene (150-3600 ppm) and 20 min after injections with either PB (5-30 mg/kg) or morphine (3-20 mg/kg). Most mice generalized to inhaled toluene and to PB in a concentration- or dose-related fashion, but not to morphine. These results show that the effects of injected toluene can be established as a discriminative stimulus in mice, and that these stimulus effects are independent of route of administration. Shared discriminative stimulus properties with PB suggest that toluene produces an acute intoxication like that of other classic CNS depressants.
对于暴露于高浓度甲苯（如在泄漏事故和溶剂滥用者中出现的情况）所产生的急性中毒的性质，人们了解甚少。这种中毒可能类似于经典中枢神经系统抑制剂（如巴比妥类药物）所产生的中毒。为了研究这一假设，采用药物辨别程序来比较甲苯和戊巴比妥（PB）产生的急性效应。在一项双杠杆任务中，训练小鼠将甲苯（100毫克/千克，腹腔注射）与溶剂区分开来，在该任务中，反应受固定比率20（FR20）食物呈现时间表的控制。在吸入甲苯（150 - 3600 ppm）20分钟后以及注射PB（5 - 30毫克/千克）或吗啡（3 - 20毫克/千克）20分钟后进行泛化测试。大多数小鼠以浓度或剂量相关的方式对吸入的甲苯和PB产生泛化反应，但对吗啡没有。这些结果表明，注射甲苯的效应可以在小鼠中确立为一种辨别性刺激，并且这些刺激效应与给药途径无关。与PB共享的辨别性刺激特性表明，甲苯产生的急性中毒与其他经典中枢神经系统抑制剂类似。
