London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health and Development, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health and Development, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
Child Abuse Negl. 2022 Jul;129:105663. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105663. Epub 2022 May 28.
Over the last decade Tanzania has become recognized as a regional leader in addressing issues of violence affecting children. Despite global partnerships and national initiatives, physical punishments remain legally sanctioned and broadly socially supported as part of responsible childrearing.
This research aimed to gain insights into community perspectives and experiences of physical punishments in children's upbringings and how community derived meaning and measurement of particular acts relate with global rights-based conceptualizations of physical violence against children.
Fourteen months of ethnographic research was conducted primarily in and around a peri-urban community in northwest Tanzania. Interviews with national- and global-level children's rights and safety representatives were conducted in Dar-es-Salaam. Twenty-four, school-going girls and boys (ages 8-12) and 53 adults directly participated in study activities.
Data collection methods included participant observation, participatory workshops (9), semi-structured interviews (36) and document reviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.
Data revealed ongoing debate regarding the use of physical punishments in children's upbringings and their association with violence. Resistance to the global children's rights promoted discourse of complete elimination of physical punishment of children manifested as avoidance, negotiation and rejection. Corporal punishment proved a particularly problematic term.
Child protection and children's rights are dynamic systems, vernacularized based on unique regional histories and ongoing social change. Prioritization of contextualized and dynamic constructions of children's wellbeing and safety can support the development of sustainable protection systems that support the safety and development of children and families in local communities.
在过去的十年中，坦桑尼亚已成为解决影响儿童暴力问题的地区领导者。尽管有全球合作伙伴关系和国家倡议，但作为负责任育儿的一部分，体罚仍然在法律上得到认可，并得到广泛的社会支持。
本研究旨在深入了解社区对儿童养育过程中体罚的看法和经验，以及社区对特定行为的意义和衡量标准如何与全球基于权利的针对儿童身体暴力的概念化相关联。
在坦桑尼亚西北部的一个城郊社区及其周边地区进行了为期 14 个月的民族志研究。在达累斯萨拉姆对国家和全球儿童权利和安全代表进行了访谈。24 名上学的男孩和女孩（8-12 岁）和 53 名成年人直接参与了研究活动。
数据收集方法包括参与观察、参与式研讨会（9 次）、半结构化访谈（36 次）和文件审查。使用主题分析来分析数据。
数据显示，关于在儿童养育中使用体罚以及其与暴力的关联问题，人们仍在进行辩论。对完全消除体罚儿童的全球儿童权利话语的抵制表现为回避、协商和拒绝。体罚被证明是一个特别成问题的术语。
儿童保护和儿童权利是动态系统，根据独特的区域历史和持续的社会变化进行本土化。优先考虑儿童福祉和安全的本土化和动态构建，可以支持建立可持续的保护系统，从而支持当地社区儿童和家庭的安全和发展。
