Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, ITU Ayazaga Campus, Istanbul Technical University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
History Department, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 31;12(1):9077. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11396-1.
Land surface of the Earth has been changing as a result of human induced activities and natural processes. Accurate representation of landscape characteristics and precise determination of spatio-temporal changes provide valuable inputs for environmental models, landscape and urban planning, and historical land cover change analysis. This study aims to determine historical land use and land cover (LULC) changes using multi-modal geospatial data, which are the cadastral maps produced in 1858, monochrome aerial photographs obtained in 1955, and multi-spectral WorldView-3 satellite images of 2020. We investigated two pilot regions, Aksu and Kestel towns in Bursa/Turkey, to analyze the long-term LULC changes quantitatively and to understand the driving forces that caused the changes. We propose methods to facilitate the preparation of historical datasets for the LULC change detection and present an object-oriented joint classification scheme for multi-source datasets to accurately map the spatio-temporal changes. Our approach minimized the amount of manual digitizing required for the boundary delineation of LULC classes from historical geospatial data. Also, our quantitative analysis of LULC maps indicates diverging developments for the selected locations in the long period of 162 years. We observed rural depopulation and gradual afforestation in Aksu; whereas, agricultural land abandonment and deforestation in Kestel.
地球的陆地表面一直在发生变化，这是人类活动和自然过程共同作用的结果。准确地表示景观特征并精确地确定时空变化，为环境模型、景观和城市规划以及历史土地覆盖变化分析提供了有价值的输入。本研究旨在利用多模态地理空间数据确定历史土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化，这些数据包括 1858 年制作的地籍图、1955 年获取的单色航空照片以及 2020 年的多光谱 WorldView-3 卫星图像。我们研究了阿克苏和凯斯特尔两个试点地区，以定量分析长期的 LULC 变化，并了解导致这些变化的驱动因素。我们提出了方法来方便地为 LULC 变化检测准备历史数据集，并提出了一种面向对象的联合分类方案，用于多源数据集，以准确地绘制时空变化。我们的方法最大限度地减少了从历史地理空间数据中手动描绘 LULC 类边界所需的工作量。此外，我们对 LULC 地图的定量分析表明，在 162 年的漫长时间里，所选地点的发展方向不同。我们观察到阿克苏的农村人口减少和逐渐的造林；而在凯斯特尔则出现了农业土地废弃和森林砍伐。
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