Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
College of Medical humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 15;839:156223. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156223. Epub 2022 May 25.
Understanding the health risks of toxic elements (TEs) in urban park soils and determining their priority control factors are crucial for public health and pollution management. Soil samples were collected from 33 urban parks in Guiyang, a typical karstic city. For each park, 15-45 topsoil samples were collected according to the area and then thoroughly mixed to obtain a representative sample. The results showed that the mean concentrations of TEs in park soils (22.5, 0.37, 88.6, 43.7, 0.26, 39.9, 44.7, and 101.0 mg/kg for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively) were higher than their background values. Approximately 54.5% and 33.3% of enrichment factor (EF) values reached moderately enriched to significantly enriched levels for Cd and Hg, respectively. Moreover, 54.5% and 42.4% of monomial potential ecological index (EI) values were at considerable to high risk levels for Cd and Hg, respectively. These results illustrate that Cd and Hg pose high ecological risks. According to the potential ecological risk index (RI) values, 21.2% of the parks were exposed to considerable ecological risk and 48.5% were at moderate risk. Based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, four sources governing TE contamination (including coal combustion, natural sources, traffic emissions, and industrial activities) were identified, with contribution rates of 32.3%, 31.0%, 19.6%, and 17.1%, respectively. A probabilistic health risk assessment showed acceptable non-carcinogenic risks and high levels of carcinogenic risk in all populations. Based on the source-specific health risk assessment, arsenic from coal combustion was determined to be a major contributor to human health risks. Although several efforts have been made by the local government to eliminate coal-borne arsenicosis, our results revealed that the accumulation of arsenic in the soil due to coal combustion poses a potential threat to human health.
了解城市公园土壤中有毒元素 (TEs) 的健康风险，并确定其优先控制因素，对于公共健康和污染管理至关重要。本研究采集了贵阳市 33 个典型喀斯特城市公园的土壤样本。每个公园根据面积采集 15-45 个表层土壤样品，然后充分混合以获得具有代表性的样品。结果表明，公园土壤中 TEs 的平均浓度（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 分别为 22.5、0.37、88.6、43.7、0.26、39.9、44.7 和 101.0 mg/kg）高于其背景值。Cd 和 Hg 的富集因子 (EF) 值分别约有 54.5%和 33.3%达到中度至显著富集水平。此外，Cd 和 Hg 的单项潜在生态指数 (EI) 值分别有 54.5%和 42.4%处于高风险水平。这些结果表明 Cd 和 Hg 具有较高的生态风险。根据潜在生态风险指数 (RI) 值，21.2%的公园受到较大的生态风险，48.5%处于中度风险。基于正定矩阵因子分解 (PMF) 模型，确定了控制 TEs 污染的四个来源（包括煤炭燃烧、自然来源、交通排放和工业活动），其贡献率分别为 32.3%、31.0%、19.6%和 17.1%。概率健康风险评估表明，所有人群均存在可接受的非致癌风险和较高的致癌风险。基于来源特定的健康风险评估，发现燃煤砷是人体健康风险的主要来源。尽管当地政府已经采取了一些措施来消除燃煤型砷中毒，但我们的研究结果表明，由于煤炭燃烧而导致的土壤砷积累对人类健康构成了潜在威胁。
