Incidence and factors associated with acute kidney injury among children with type 1 diabetes hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent among critically ill children. This study aimed to assess the incidence and factors associated with AKI among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

METHODS

This prospective observational study was conducted at Sohag University Hospital, Egypt over 1 year. Children aged 6 months to 12 years, diagnosed with T1DM and hospitalized with the criteria of DKA were included. The study participants received intravenous fluid therapy and intravenous insulin infusion for DKA management. Serum creatinine levels were measured at admission, 24 and 48 h after admission. AKI was defined and staged using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria.

RESULTS

The study included 265 DKA episodes in 240 participants. AKI was found in 110 (41.5%) DKA episodes. Moderated to severe AKI developed in 41 (15.5%) episodes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (adjusted odds ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.89, p < 0.001), Glasgow-Coma scale (GCS) < 14 at admission (adjusted odds ratio = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.66-13.14, p = 0.004) and serum chloride level at 12 h (adjusted odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18, p = 0.01) were the most significant factors associated with moderate to severe AKI development.

CONCLUSIONS

AKI is common among T1DM children hospitalized with DKA. Younger age, low GCS at hospital admission and increased serum chloride level during DKA management were associated with increased risk for moderate to severe AKI development.