Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Italy; NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Turin, Italy.
Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2022 Aug;25(8):678-683. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.04.007. Epub 2022 May 2.
To validate the application of Corrective Adjustment Procedures for removing Relative Age Effects in youth athletic contexts, this study estimated the longitudinal relationships between decimal age (chronological and relative) and performance in male and female long jumpers. Using trendlines, Corrective Adjustment Procedures were applied, and Relative Age Effect distributions associated with performance attainment were re-examined.
Retrospective longitudinal design examining competitive long-jump data between 2005 and 2019.
In Part I, participants were 689 junior Italian long jumpers (age range = 11.01-17.99 years; 56.6% females) who participated in ≥three events. Longitudinal modelling and regression equations quantified the sex-specific relationships between decimal age and long jump performance. In Part II, equations were utilised to adjust individual performance within an independent sample (N = 13,639; 50.1% females) of age-matched jumpers. Relative Age Effect distributions within attainment levels (i.e., Top 25-10%) were examined based on raw and correctively adjusted performance.
Irrespective of sex, Relative Age Effects were prevalent across all age-groups with medium-large effect sizes at 12-17 (males and females) and 12-17 years (females) of age (Cramer's V range = 0.07-0.28). Relative Age Effect bias magnitude also increased with attainment level (i.e., Top 25-10%). Following Corrective Adjustment Procedure application, typical Relative Age Effects were removed with non-significant deviations in relative age distributions regardless of sex or age-group or attainment level (Top 25 or 10%).
Findings provide efficacy for Corrective Adjustment Procedure application to remove Relative Age Effects across youth long jumping events. Corrective Adjustment Procedures suggest potential in improving performance evaluation, identification of technically skilled performers, and sporting experiences.
为了验证在青年运动员的背景下应用修正调整程序以消除相对年龄效应的有效性，本研究估计了男性和女性跳远运动员的十进制年龄（实际年龄和相对年龄）与表现之间的纵向关系。使用趋势线，应用了修正调整程序，并重新检查了与表现相关的相对年龄效应分布。
回顾性纵向设计，研究 2005 年至 2019 年期间的竞技跳远数据。
在第一部分中，参与者是 689 名意大利青少年跳远运动员（年龄范围为 11.01-17.99 岁；56.6%为女性），他们参加了≥三次比赛。纵向模型和回归方程量化了十进制年龄与跳远表现之间的性别特异性关系。在第二部分中，使用方程在一个独立的年龄匹配的跳远者样本（N=13639；50.1%为女性）中调整个人表现。根据原始和修正调整后的表现，检查了在成绩水平内（即前 25-10%）的相对年龄效应分布。
无论性别如何，相对年龄效应在所有年龄段都很普遍，在 12-17 岁（男性和女性）和 12-17 岁（女性）年龄组中，效应大小为中到大（Cramer's V 范围为 0.07-0.28）。相对年龄效应偏差的大小也随着成绩水平的提高而增加（即前 25-10%）。应用修正调整程序后，无论性别、年龄组或成绩水平（前 25 名或 10%），相对年龄分布都没有显著偏差，典型的相对年龄效应被消除。
研究结果为在青年跳远比赛中应用修正调整程序以消除相对年龄效应提供了有效性。修正调整程序表明，在提高表现评估、识别技术熟练的运动员和运动体验方面具有潜力。
