Wu Jingyi, Ju Zhengyu, Zhang Xiao, Marschilok Amy C, Takeuchi Kenneth J, Wang Huanlei, Takeuchi Esther S, Yu Guihua
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China.
Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Adv Mater. 2022 Jul;34(29):e2202780. doi: 10.1002/adma.202202780. Epub 2022 May 29.
Charge transport is a key process that dominates battery performance, and the microstructures of the cathode, anode, and electrolyte play a central role in guiding ion and/or electron transport inside the battery. Rational design of key battery components with varying microstructure along the charge-transport direction to realize optimal local charge-transport dynamics can compensate for reaction polarization, which accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics. Here, the principles of charge-transport mechanisms and their decisive role in battery performance are presented, followed by a discussion of the correlation between charge-transport regulation and battery microstructure design. The design strategies of the gradient cathodes, lithium-metal anodes, and solid-state electrolytes are summarized. Future directions and perspectives of gradient design are provided at the end to enable practically accessible high-energy and high-power-density batteries.
电荷传输是主导电池性能的关键过程，阴极、阳极和电解质的微观结构在引导电池内部离子和/或电子传输方面起着核心作用。合理设计沿电荷传输方向具有不同微观结构的关键电池组件，以实现最佳的局部电荷传输动力学，可以补偿反应极化，从而加速电化学反应动力学。本文介绍了电荷传输机制的原理及其在电池性能中的决定性作用，随后讨论了电荷传输调控与电池微观结构设计之间的相关性。总结了梯度阴极、锂金属阳极和固态电解质的设计策略。最后给出了梯度设计的未来方向和前景，以实现实际可用的高能量和高功率密度电池。
