College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd./Quality Control for Feed and Products of Livestock and Poultry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
Anim Sci J. 2022 Jan-Dec;93(1):e13735. doi: 10.1111/asj.13735.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of summer and winter on slaughter performance, muscle quality, flavor-related substance content, and gene expression levels related to the fat metabolism of pheasants. One-hundred 1-day-old pheasants were fed for 5 months starting in March and July and then, respectively, slaughtered in summer (August) and winter (December). The results revealed that compared with summer, winter not only increased pheasant live weight, dressed percentage, full-eviscerated yield, and muscle yield (p < 0.05) but also enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT in serum (p < 0.05). Winter significantly increased meat color, the contents of inosinic acid, and flavor amino acid in muscle. Amino acid contents in leg muscles of pheasants in winter were significantly higher than in summer except for histidine (p < 0.05). Winter increased the contents of muscle mono-unsaturated fatty acid, reducing saturated fatty acid. Summer improved fat synthesis in liver, promoted the deposition of triglycerides and cholesterol, and reduced the expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in muscle, while winter increased the expression levels of genes related to muscle fat metabolism to provide energy for body and affect muscle fatty acid profile. Overall, pheasants fed in winter had better sensory quality and flavor than summer.
本研究旨在探讨夏季和冬季对雉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质、风味相关物质含量以及与脂肪代谢相关基因表达水平的影响。将 100 只 1 日龄雉鸡分别于 3 月和 7 月开始饲养 5 个月，然后分别于夏季（8 月）和冬季（12 月）屠宰。结果表明，与夏季相比，冬季不仅增加了雉鸡的活体体重、屠体率、全净膛率和肌肉率（p<0.05），还提高了血清中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性（p<0.05）。冬季显著提高了肌肉的肉色、肌苷酸和风味氨基酸含量。冬季雉鸡腿肌的氨基酸含量除组氨酸外均显著高于夏季（p<0.05）。冬季增加了肌肉中单不饱和脂肪酸的含量，减少了饱和脂肪酸的含量。夏季促进了肝脏中的脂肪合成，促进了甘油三酯和胆固醇的沉积，并降低了肌肉中脂肪代谢相关基因的表达水平，而冬季则增加了与肌肉脂肪代谢相关的基因的表达水平，为身体提供能量并影响肌肉脂肪酸谱。总体而言，冬季饲养的雉鸡的感官质量和风味优于夏季。
