Huseien Ghasan Fahim, Saleh Ali Taha, Ghoshal Sib K
Department of the Built Environment, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117566, Singapore.
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Misan, Amarah 62001, Iraq.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 May 23;7(2):65. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics7020065.
Currently, the production of sustainable concrete with high strength, durability, and fewer environmental problems has become a priority of concrete industries worldwide. Based on this fact, the effective microorganism (EM) solution was included in the concrete mixtures to modify the engineering properties. Concrete specimens prepared with 50% fly ash (FA) as an ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement were considered as the control sample. The influence of EM solution inclusion (at various contents of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% weight) in the cement matrix as water replacement was examined to determine the optimum ratio that can enhance the early and late strength of the proposed bio-concrete. The compressive strength, porosity, carbonation depth, resistance to sulphuric acid attack, and the environmental benefits of the prepared bio-concrete were evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and durability performance of the bio-concrete were improved due to the addition of EM and FA. Furthermore, the inclusion of 10% EM could increase the compressive strength of the bio-concrete at 3 (early) and 28 days by 42.5% and 14.6%, respectively. The durability performance revealed a similar trend wherein the addition of 50% FA and 10% EM into the bio-concrete could improve its resistance against acid attack by 35.1% compared to the control specimen. The concrete mix designed with 10% EM was discerned to be optimum, with approximately 49.3% lower carbon dioxide emission compared to traditional cement.
目前，生产具有高强度、耐久性且环境问题较少的可持续混凝土已成为全球混凝土行业的首要任务。基于这一事实，将有效微生物（EM）溶液加入混凝土混合物中以改善其工程性能。以50%粉煤灰（FA）替代普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）制备的混凝土试件被视为对照样本。研究了作为水替代物在水泥基体中加入不同含量（0、5、10、15、20和25%重量）的EM溶液的影响，以确定能提高所提出的生物混凝土早期和后期强度的最佳比例。对制备的生物混凝土的抗压强度、孔隙率、碳化深度、抗硫酸侵蚀性以及环境效益进行了评估。结果表明，由于添加了EM和FA，生物混凝土的力学性能和耐久性得到了改善。此外，加入10%的EM可使生物混凝土在3天（早期）和28天的抗压强度分别提高42.5%和14.6%。耐久性表现出类似的趋势，与对照试件相比，在生物混凝土中添加50%的FA和10%的EM可使其抗酸侵蚀性提高35.1%。经判定，设计含10%EM的混凝土混合物为最佳，与传统水泥相比，其二氧化碳排放量降低约49.3%。
