Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 10;20(9):2327. doi: 10.3390/ijms20092327.
EM (effective microorganisms) is a biofertilizer consisting of a mixed culture of potentially beneficial microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of EM treatment on leaf in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), yield, and macronutrient content of bean plants grown on different substrates (nutrient rich substrate vs. nutrient poor sandy soil) in controlled environmental conditions (pot experiment in greenhouse). EM-treated plants maintained optimum leaf photosynthetic efficiency two weeks longer than the control plants, and increased yield independent of substrate. The levels of seed nutritionally-relevant molecules (proteins, lipids, and starch) were only slightly modified, apart from the protein content, which increased in plants grown in sandy soil. Although EM can be considered a promising and environmentally friendly technology for sustainable agriculture, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of EM, as well as its efficacy under open field conditions.
EM（有效微生物）是一种生物肥料，由潜在有益微生物的混合培养物组成。在这项研究中，我们在受控环境条件下（温室盆栽试验），研究了 EM 处理对不同基质（富营养基质与贫营养沙质土壤）上生长的豆类植物叶片体内 PSII 叶绿素荧光、产量和大量营养元素含量的影响。与对照植株相比，EM 处理植株的最佳叶片光合效率维持时间延长了两周，且与基质无关而提高了产量。除了在沙质土壤中生长的植株的蛋白质含量增加外，种子营养相关分子（蛋白质、脂质和淀粉）的水平仅略有改变。尽管 EM 可以被认为是可持续农业的一种有前途且环保的技术，但需要进行更多的研究来阐明 EM 的作用机制及其在田间条件下的功效。
