Meshrif Wesam S, Elkayal Sandy H, Soliman Mohamed A, Seif Amal I, Roeder Thomas
Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt.
Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Services Center Tanta University Tanta Egypt.
Ecol Evol. 2022 May 24;12(5):e8960. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8960. eCollection 2022 May.
To respond to changing environmental conditions, a population may either shift toward better-adapted genotypes or adapt on an individual level. The present work aimed to quantify the relevance of these two processes by comparing the responses of defined populations to different stressors. To do this, we infected two homogeneous populations (isofemale lines), which differ significantly in fitness, and a synthetic heterogeneous population with a specific pathogen and/or exposed them to food restriction. was used to infect larvae either fed standard or protein-restricted diet. In particular, the two homogeneous groups, which diverged in their fitness, showed considerable differences in all parameters assessed (survivorship, protein and lipid contents, phenol-oxidase (PO) activity, and antibacterial rate). Under fully nutritious conditions, larvae of the homogeneous population with low fitness exhibited lower survivorship and protein levels, as well as higher PO activity and antibacterial rate compared with the fitter population. A protein-restricted diet and bacterial infection provoked a decrease in survivorship, and antibacterial rate in most populations. Bacterial infection elicited an opposite response in protein and lipid content in both isofemale lines tested. Interestingly, the heterogeneous population showed a complex response pattern. The response of the heterogeneous population followed the fit genotype in terms of survival and antibacterial activity but followed the unfit genotype in terms of PO activity. In conclusion, our results show that defined genotypes exhibit highly divergent responses to varying stressors that are difficult to predict. Furthermore, the responses of heterogeneous populations do not follow a fixed pattern showing a very high degree of plasticity and differences between different genotypes.
为了应对不断变化的环境条件，种群可能会朝着适应性更强的基因型转变，或者在个体层面上进行适应。本研究旨在通过比较特定种群对不同应激源的反应来量化这两个过程的相关性。为此，我们用一种特定的病原体感染了两个在适应性上有显著差异的同质种群（同雌系）和一个合成异质种群，和/或将它们置于食物限制条件下。用[具体内容缺失]感染以标准饲料或蛋白质限制饲料喂养的幼虫。特别是，这两个在适应性上存在差异的同质种群，在所有评估参数（存活率、蛋白质和脂质含量、酚氧化酶（PO）活性和抗菌率）上都表现出相当大的差异。在营养充足的条件下，与适应性较强的种群相比，适应性较差的同质种群的幼虫存活率和蛋白质水平较低，而PO活性和抗菌率较高。蛋白质限制饮食和细菌感染导致大多数种群的存活率和抗菌率下降。在测试的两个同雌系中，细菌感染对蛋白质和脂质含量产生了相反的影响。有趣的是，异质种群表现出复杂的反应模式。异质种群在生存和抗菌活性方面的反应遵循适应性强的基因型，但在PO活性方面遵循适应性差的基因型。总之，我们的结果表明，特定的基因型对不同应激源表现出高度不同且难以预测的反应。此外，异质种群的反应不遵循固定模式，表现出非常高的可塑性以及不同基因型之间的差异。
