Leibrock Nils V, Santegoets Joris, Mooijman Paul J W, Yusuf Filemon, Zuijdgeest Xander C L, Zutt Esmée A, Jacobs Josette G M, Schaart Jan G
Programme Molecular Life Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Grumbachtalweg 129, 66121 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Programme Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Food Sci Biotechnol. 2022 May 20;31(6):635-655. doi: 10.1007/s10068-022-01082-3. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Coffee, especially the species and , is one of the world's most consumed beverages. The consumer demand for caffeine-free coffee is currently being met through chemical decaffeination processes. However, this method leads to loss of beverage quality. In this review, the feasibility of using gene editing to produce caffeine-free coffee plants is reviewed. The genes XMT (7-methylxanthosine methyltransferase) and DXMT (3,7-dimethylxanthine methyltransferase) were identified as candidate target genes for knocking out caffeine production in coffee plants. The possible effect of the knock-out of the candidate genes was assessed. Using -mediated introduction of the CRISPR-Cas system to Knock out XMT or DXMT would lead to blocking caffeine biosynthesis. The use of CRISPR-Cas to genetically edit consumer products is not yet widely accepted, which may lead to societal hurdles for introducing gene-edited caffeine-free coffee cultivars onto the market. However, increased acceptance of CRISPR-Cas/gene editing on products with a clear benefit for consumers offers better prospects for gene editing efforts for caffeine-free coffee.
咖啡，尤其是[具体品种1]和[具体品种2]，是全球消费最为广泛的饮品之一。目前，消费者对无咖啡因咖啡的需求是通过化学脱咖啡因工艺来满足的。然而，这种方法会导致饮品品质下降。在本综述中，我们对利用基因编辑技术培育无咖啡因咖啡植株的可行性进行了综述。基因XMT（7-甲基黄嘌呤甲基转移酶）和DXMT（3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤甲基转移酶）被确定为敲除咖啡植株中咖啡因合成的候选目标基因。我们评估了敲除这些候选基因可能产生的影响。利用农杆菌介导的CRISPR-Cas系统导入来敲除XMT或DXMT将导致咖啡因生物合成受阻。CRISPR-Cas技术用于对消费品进行基因编辑尚未得到广泛认可，这可能会给将基因编辑的无咖啡因咖啡品种推向市场带来社会障碍。然而，对于对消费者有明显益处的产品，CRISPR-Cas/基因编辑技术的接受度不断提高，这为无咖啡因咖啡的基因编辑工作提供了更好的前景。
