Connors Kristin A, Arndt Devrah, Rawlings Jane M, Brun Hansen Anna Magdalene, Lam Monica W, Sanderson Hans, Belanger Scott E
The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Mar;19(2):312-325. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4642. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
Historically, polymers have been excluded from registration and evaluation under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) program, the European chemical management program. Recently, interest has increased to include polymers. A tiered registration system has been envisioned and would begin with classes of polymers of greater interest based on certain properties. Cationic polymers are one such class. There is a pressing need to understand the quality and limitations of historical cationic polymer studies and to identify key sources of uncertainty in environmental hazard assessments so we can move toward scientifically robust analyses. To that end, we performed a critical review of the existing cationic polymer environmental effects literature to evaluate polymer characterization and test methodologies to understand how these parameters may affect test interpretation. The relationship between physicochemical parameters, acute and chronic toxicity, and relative trophic level sensitivity were explored. To advance our understanding of the environmental hazard and subsequent risk characterization of cationic polymers, there is a clear need for a consistent testing approach as many polymers are characterized as difficult-to-test substances. Experimental parameters such as dissolved organic carbon and solution renewal approaches can alter cationic polymer bioavailability and toxicity. It is recommended that OECD TG 23 "Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Substances" testing considerations be applied when conducting environmental toxicity assays with cationic polymers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:312-325. © 2021 SETAC.
从历史上看，在欧洲化学品管理计划“化学品注册、评估、授权和限制”（REACH）计划下，聚合物一直被排除在注册和评估之外。最近，将聚合物纳入其中的兴趣有所增加。已经设想了一个分层注册系统，该系统将从基于某些特性的更受关注的聚合物类别开始。阳离子聚合物就是这样一类。迫切需要了解历史上阳离子聚合物研究的质量和局限性，并确定环境危害评估中不确定性的关键来源，以便我们能够进行科学可靠的分析。为此，我们对现有的阳离子聚合物环境影响文献进行了批判性综述，以评估聚合物表征和测试方法，了解这些参数如何影响测试解释。探讨了物理化学参数、急性和慢性毒性以及相对营养级敏感性之间的关系。为了增进我们对阳离子聚合物环境危害及后续风险表征的理解，显然需要一种一致的测试方法，因为许多聚合物被归类为难以测试的物质。诸如溶解有机碳和溶液更新方法等实验参数会改变阳离子聚合物的生物利用度和毒性。建议在对阳离子聚合物进行环境毒性试验时，应用经合组织TG 23“难测试物质的水相水生毒性试验”的测试考虑因素。《综合环境评估与管理》2023年；19:312 - 325。© 2021 SETAC。
