Kelesidis Georgios A, Neubauer David, Fan Liang-Shih, Lohmann Ulrike, Pratsinis Sotiris E
Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitaetstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jun 21;56(12):8610-8618. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00428. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
The climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change list black carbon (BC) as an important contributor to global warming based on its radiative forcing () impact. Examining closely these models, it becomes apparent that they might underpredict significantly the direct for BC, largely due to their assumed spherical BC morphology. Specifically, the light absorption and direct of BC agglomerates are enhanced by light scattering between their constituent primary particles as determined by the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory interfaced with discrete dipole approximation and recent relations for the refractive index and lensing effect. The light absorption of BC is enhanced by about 20% by the multiple light scattering between BC primary particles regardless of the compactness of their agglomerates. The resulting light absorption agrees very well with the observed absorption aerosol optical depth of BC. ECHAM-HAM simulations accounting for the realistic BC morphology and its coatings reveal high direct = 3-5 W/m in East, South Asia, sub-Sahara, western Africa, and the Arabian peninsula. These results are in agreement with satellite and AERONET observations of and indicate a regional climate warming contribution by 0.75-1.25 °C, solely due to BC emissions.
政府间气候变化专门委员会的气候模型将黑碳（BC）列为全球变暖的一个重要促成因素，这是基于其辐射强迫（）影响。仔细研究这些模型后可以明显看出，它们可能会显著低估BC的直接辐射强迫，这主要是由于其假定的球形BC形态。具体而言，根据瑞利 - 德拜 - 甘斯理论与离散偶极近似以及最近关于折射率和透镜效应的关系，BC团聚体中其组成初级颗粒之间的光散射增强了BC团聚体的光吸收和直接辐射强迫。无论BC团聚体的紧密程度如何，BC初级颗粒之间的多次光散射都会使BC的光吸收增强约20%。由此产生的光吸收与观测到的BC吸收气溶胶光学厚度非常吻合。考虑到实际BC形态及其涂层的ECHAM - HAM模拟显示，在东亚、南亚、撒哈拉以南、西非和阿拉伯半岛，直接辐射强迫很高 = 3 - 5 W/m²。这些结果与卫星和AERONET对辐射强迫（）的观测结果一致，并表明仅由于BC排放，区域气候变暖贡献为0.75 - 1.25°C。
