Goncalves Widjane Sheila Ferreira, Byrne Rebecca, de Lira Pedro Israel Cabral, Viana Marcelo Tavares, Trost Stewart G
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Child Obes. 2023 Mar;19(2):112-120. doi: 10.1089/chi.2021.0305. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Children from low-middle income countries (LMIC) are disproportionately affected by obesity, and low physical activity (PA) and high screen time (ST) are major contributors. Parents are key influencers on children's PA and ST, yet, no study has investigated relationships between parenting practices and children's PA and ST in LMIC families. This study examined parental influences on PA and ST among preschool-aged children from low-income families in Brazil. Parents completed a validated, culturally adapted interviewer-administered survey assessing child ST and parenting practices. Child sedentary time, total movement, and energetic play were measured by accelerometery. Data were available on 77 parent-child dyads [mean age 4.6 years (standard deviation = 0.8), 53% male, and 41% mixed-race]. Parenting practices associated with greater PA were use of PA to reward/control behavior (rho = 0.34-0.49), limiting or monitoring ST (rho = 0.30), explicit modeling/enjoyment of PA (rho = 0.24), verbal encouragement for PA (rho = 0.30), and importance and value of PA (rho = 0.24-0.38; < 0.05). Parenting practices associated with higher ST were rules around active play indoor (rho = 0.23), use of ST to reward/control behavior (rho = 0.30), exposure to screens (rho = 0.40), and explicit modeling/enjoyment of ST (rho = 0.50; < 0.05). Recognized parenting practices such as explicit modeling of PA and ST, monitoring and limiting ST, and rules and restrictions about PA and ST are associated with young children's PA and ST in low-income Brazilian families. The findings identify potential targets for family-based interventions to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors and prevent childhood obesity.
中低收入国家（LMIC）的儿童受肥胖影响的比例过高，而身体活动不足（PA）和屏幕使用时间过长（ST）是主要原因。父母是儿童PA和ST的关键影响因素，然而，尚无研究调查中低收入国家家庭中育儿方式与儿童PA和ST之间的关系。本研究调查了巴西低收入家庭中父母对学龄前儿童PA和ST的影响。父母完成了一项经过验证、文化适应性调整的访谈式调查，评估儿童的ST和育儿方式。通过加速度计测量儿童久坐时间、总运动量和精力充沛的玩耍情况。共有77对亲子的数据可用[平均年龄4.6岁（标准差=0.8），53%为男性，41%为混血儿]。与更多PA相关的育儿方式包括用PA奖励/控制行为（rho=0.34-0.49）、限制或监测ST（rho=0.30）、明确示范/享受PA（rho=0.24）、对PA的言语鼓励（rho=0.30）以及PA的重要性和价值（rho=0.24-0.38；P<0.05）。与更高ST相关的育儿方式包括室内积极玩耍的规则（rho=0.23）、用ST奖励/控制行为（rho=0.30）、接触屏幕（rho=0.40）以及明确示范/享受ST（rho=0.50；P<0.05）。公认的育儿方式，如明确示范PA和ST、监测和限制ST以及关于PA和ST的规则和限制，与巴西低收入家庭幼儿的PA和ST相关。研究结果确定了基于家庭的干预措施的潜在目标，以促进健康的生活方式行为并预防儿童肥胖。
