Exploring Minimally Invasive Approach to Define Stages of Type 1 Diabetes Remotely.

New methods are pivotal in accurately predicting, monitoring, and diagnosing the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in high-risk children. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a valuable tool for patients with T1D, but there is still a knowledge gap regarding its utility in the prediction of diabetes. The current study explored whether 10-day CGM or CGM during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in the laboratory or at home (home-OGTT) could be accurate in detecting stages of T1D. Forty-six subjects 4-25 years of age carrying genetic risk for T1D were recruited and classified into the following groups: islet autoantibody (IAb) negative, one IAb, and stages 1-3 of T1D, based on the laboratory OGTT and IAb results at baseline. A 10-day CGM was initiated before the OGTT. In this study, we showed that CGM was sensitive in detecting asymptomatic individuals at stage 3, and dysglycemic individuals in stage 2 of T1D both during OGTT and the 10-day period. CGM also showed significant differences in several variables during the 10-day sensoring among individuals at different stages of T1D. Furthermore, CGM showed different OGTT profiles and detected significantly more abnormal OGTT results when compared with plasma glucose. CGM together with home-OGTT could detect stages of T1D and offer an alternative method to confirm normoglycemia in high-risk individuals.