Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
J Vet Cardiol. 2022 Jun;41:236-248. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.03.006. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
Diastolic dysfunction is an early clinical feature of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The left ventricular filling in early diastole is facilitated by the diastolic intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG). The study objectives were to evaluate color Doppler M-mode-derived IVPG calculation in cats as a non-invasive assessment of the left ventricular relaxation property to determine the normal ranges of peak IVPG in cats and investigate the influence of left ventricular function and heart rate (HR).
One hundred and six client-owned apparently healthy cats.
Prospective cross-sectional study. Quantitative analysis of color Doppler M-mode images was used to estimate total and segmental IVPGs non-invasively.
The total IVPG was 0.76 mmHg (95% reference interval (RI): 0.28-1.29 mmHg), the basal IVPG 0.34 mmHg (95% RI: 0.07-0.63 mmHg), and the mid-apical IVPG 0.42 mmHg (95% RI: 0.15-0.71 mmHg). Total and segmental IVPG increased with HR (P < 0.003), while segmental percent IVPG was HR independent. A short isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and a high mitral annular velocity in early diastole were associated with an increase in total IVPG (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009, respectively) adjusted for HR. An increase in IVPG was associated with an increase in mitral inflow velocity (P < 0.001).
Feline IVPGs increase with HR and a short IVRT, which was believed to be a normal physiologic adrenergic response associated with an increased sympathetic tone. Future studies of segmental IVPG changes in feline HCM are needed to evaluate the clinical applicability of color Doppler M-mode estimated IVPGs in feline cardiology.
舒张功能障碍是猫肥厚型心肌病（HCM）的早期临床特征。左心室在舒张早期的充盈是由舒张室内压力梯度（IVPG）推动的。本研究的目的是评估彩色多普勒 M 型衍生的 IVPG 计算在猫中的应用，作为对左心室松弛特性的非侵入性评估，确定猫中 IVPG 的正常范围，并研究左心室功能和心率（HR）的影响。
106 只来自客户的明显健康的猫。
前瞻性横断面研究。使用彩色多普勒 M 型图像的定量分析，无创估计总 IVPG 和节段 IVPG。
总 IVPG 为 0.76mmHg（95%参考区间（RI）：0.28-1.29mmHg），基础 IVPG 为 0.34mmHg（95% RI：0.07-0.63mmHg），中尖 IVPG 为 0.42mmHg（95% RI：0.15-0.71mmHg）。总 IVPG 和节段 IVPG 随 HR 增加（P<0.003），而节段百分比 IVPG 与 HR 无关。短等容舒张时间（IVRT）和早期舒张二尖瓣环速度升高与总 IVPG 增加相关（P=0.008 和 P=0.009，分别），调整 HR 后。IVPG 增加与二尖瓣血流速度增加相关（P<0.001）。
猫的 IVPG 随 HR 和短 IVRT 增加，这被认为是与交感神经张力增加相关的正常生理性肾上腺素能反应。未来需要研究猫 HCM 中节段 IVPG 变化，以评估彩色多普勒 M 型估计的 IVPG 在猫心脏病学中的临床适用性。
