School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 15;839:156398. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156398. Epub 2022 May 30.
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are the current model species for pesticide risk assessments, but considering bee diversity, their life histories, and paucity of non-eusocial bee data, this approach could underestimate risk. We assessed whether honey bees were an adequate risk predictor to non-targets. We conducted oral and contact bioassays for Leioproctus paahaumaa, a solitary ground-nesting bee, and A. mellifera, using imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) and dimethoate (organophosphate). The bees responded inconsistently; L. paahaumaa were 36 and 194 times more susceptible to oral and topically applied imidacloprid than A. mellifera, but showed comparable sensitivity to dimethoate. Furthermore, the proposed safety factor of ten applied to honey bee endpoints did not cover the interspecific sensitivity difference. Our standard-setting study highlights the urgent need for more comparative inter-species toxicity studies and the development of standardized toxicity protocols to ensure regulatory pesticide risk assessment frameworks are protective of diverse pollinators.
蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）是目前用于农药风险评估的模式物种，但考虑到蜜蜂的多样性、它们的生活史以及非社会性蜜蜂数据的缺乏，这种方法可能会低估风险。我们评估了蜜蜂是否是非靶标生物的充分风险预测因子。我们对独居的地栖蜜蜂 Leioproctus paahaumaa 和 Apis mellifera 进行了口服和接触生物测定，使用了吡虫啉（新烟碱类）和乐果（有机磷类）。蜜蜂的反应不一致；L. paahaumaa 对口服和局部施用的吡虫啉的敏感性分别比 Apis mellifera 高 36 倍和 194 倍，但对乐果的敏感性相当。此外，建议对蜜蜂终点应用的安全系数十倍并不能涵盖种间敏感性差异。我们的标准制定研究强调了迫切需要进行更多的比较种间毒性研究，并制定标准化的毒性方案，以确保监管农药风险评估框架对各种传粉媒介具有保护作用。
