Department of Radiology, Temple University Health System, 3401 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
Department of Radiology, Temple University Health System, 3401 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2022 Nov-Dec;51(6):868-877. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2022.04.005. Epub 2022 May 2.
Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare diverse group of mesenchymal malignancies that can arise in any location in the body and have extremely variable presentations. Liposarcoma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma constitute 75% of all soft tissue sarcomas. These along with more uncommon sarcomas will be reviewed with emphasis on the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Imaging plays a crucial role in the initial staging, monitoring response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and surveillance to detect local or distant recurrence. In this review, the imaging, as well as histopathologic findings of various soft tissue sarcomas will be demonstrated with biomarker correlation. Given the rarity and heterogeneous nature of these tumors, they are generally managed in tertiary care hospitals by a sarcoma tumor board comprised of an oncologist, surgical oncologist, pathologist, radiation oncologist, and radiologist. Overall clinical outcomes are improving due to rapid advances in the understanding of soft tissue sarcomas. We also review imaging features of treatment response and recurrence of these tumors including imaging follow-up guidelines.
软组织肉瘤是一组罕见的、多样化的间叶恶性肿瘤，可以发生在身体的任何部位，表现形式极其多样。脂肪肉瘤、多形性未分化肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、黏液纤维肉瘤和滑膜肉瘤构成了所有软组织肉瘤的 75%。本文将对这些以及更罕见的肉瘤进行回顾，重点介绍 2013 年世界卫生组织（WHO）的分类。影像学在初始分期、监测化疗和放疗反应以及检测局部或远处复发方面起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中，将通过生物标志物相关性展示各种软组织肉瘤的影像学和组织病理学表现。鉴于这些肿瘤的罕见性和异质性，它们通常由肉瘤肿瘤委员会在三级保健医院进行管理，该委员会由肿瘤学家、外科肿瘤学家、病理学家、放射肿瘤学家和放射科医生组成。由于对软组织肉瘤的理解迅速提高，整体临床结果正在改善。我们还回顾了这些肿瘤的治疗反应和复发的影像学特征，包括影像学随访指南。
