Zhou Rong, Jiang Fangling, Niu Lifei, Song Xiaoming, Yu Lu, Yang Yuwen, Wu Zhen
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 17;13:891861. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891861. eCollection 2022.
Varieties of various crops with high resilience are urgently needed to feed the increased population in climate change conditions. Human activities and climate change have led to frequent and strong weather fluctuation, which cause various abiotic stresses to crops. The understanding of crops' responses to abiotic stresses in different aspects including genes, RNAs, proteins, metabolites, and phenotypes can facilitate crop breeding. Using multi-omics methods, mainly genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, to study crops' responses to abiotic stresses will generate a better, deeper, and more comprehensive understanding. More importantly, multi-omics can provide multiple layers of information on biological data to understand plant biology, which will open windows for new opportunities to improve crop resilience and tolerance. However, the opportunities and challenges coexist. Interpretation of the multidimensional data from multi-omics and translation of the data into biological meaningful context remained a challenge. More reasonable experimental designs starting from sowing seed, cultivating the plant, and collecting and extracting samples were necessary for a multi-omics study as the first step. The normalization, transformation, and scaling of single-omics data should consider the integration of multi-omics. This review reports the current study of crops at abiotic stresses in particular heat stress using omics, which will help to accelerate crop improvement to better tolerate and adapt to climate change.
在气候变化条件下，迫切需要各种具有高抗逆性的作物品种来养活不断增加的人口。人类活动和气候变化导致天气波动频繁且剧烈，给作物带来各种非生物胁迫。从基因、RNA、蛋白质、代谢物和表型等不同方面了解作物对非生物胁迫的反应，有助于作物育种。使用多组学方法，主要是基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和表型组学，来研究作物对非生物胁迫的反应，将产生更全面、更深入的理解。更重要的是，多组学可以提供关于生物数据的多层次信息，以了解植物生物学，这将为提高作物抗逆性和耐受性带来新的机遇。然而，机遇与挑战并存。对多组学的多维数据进行解读并将数据转化为具有生物学意义的背景仍然是一个挑战。作为多组学研究的第一步，从播种、种植植物到采集和提取样本，需要更合理的实验设计。单一组学数据的归一化、转换和缩放应考虑多组学的整合。本综述报道了目前利用组学对作物非生物胁迫，特别是热胁迫的研究，这将有助于加速作物改良，使其更好地耐受和适应气候变化。
