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American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 May 20;128(20):202301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.202301.
We report precision measurements of hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and {Λ}^{4}H lifetimes obtained from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s{NN}]=3.0 GeV and 7.2 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the first measurement of _{Λ}^{3}H and {Λ}^{4}H midrapidity yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s{NN}]=3.0 GeV. _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H, being the two simplest bound states composed of hyperons and nucleons, are cornerstones in the field of hypernuclear physics. Their lifetimes are measured to be 221±15(stat)±19(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{3}H and 218±6(stat)±13(syst) ps for {Λ}^{4}H. The p{T}-integrated yields of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H are presented in different centrality and rapidity intervals. It is observed that the shape of the rapidity distribution of _{Λ}^{4}H is different for 0%-10% and 10%-50% centrality collisions. Thermal model calculations, using the canonical ensemble for strangeness, describes the _{Λ}^{3}H yield well, while underestimating the _{Λ}^{4}H yield. Transport models, combining baryonic mean-field and coalescence (jam) or utilizing dynamical cluster formation via baryonic interactions (phqmd) for light nuclei and hypernuclei production, approximately describe the measured _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H yields. Our measurements provide means to precisely assess our understanding of the fundamental baryonic interactions with strange quarks, which can impact our understanding of more complicated systems involving hyperons, such as the interior of neutron stars or exotic hypernuclei.
我们报告了通过相对论重离子对撞机上的STAR实验收集的在(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3.0) GeV和7.2 GeV下金离子与金离子碰撞中得到的超核({Λ}^{3}H)和({Λ}^{4}H)寿命的精确测量结果，以及在(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3.0) GeV下金离子与金离子碰撞中({Λ}^{3}H)和({Λ}^{4}H)的中快度产额的首次测量结果。({Λ}^{3}H)和({Λ}^{4}H)是由超子和核子组成的两个最简单的束缚态，是超核物理领域的基石。它们的寿命测量值为({Λ}^{3}H)是(221±15)（统计）(±19)（系统）ps，({Λ}^{4}H)是(218±6)（统计）(±13)（系统）ps。给出了({Λ}^{3}H)和({Λ}^{4}H)在不同中心度和快度区间的横向动量积分产额。观察到在0%-10%和10%-50%中心度碰撞中({Λ}^{4}H)的快度分布形状不同。使用奇异数正则系综的热模型计算很好地描述了({Λ}^{3}H)的产额，但低估了({Λ}^{4}H)的产额。传输模型，结合重子平均场和聚结（jam）或通过重子相互作用利用动态团簇形成（phqmd）来产生轻核和超核，大致描述了测量到的({Λ}^{3}H)和(_{Λ}^{4}H)产额。我们的测量提供了精确评估我们对与奇异夸克的基本重子相互作用理解的方法，这可能会影响我们对涉及超子的更复杂系统的理解，比如中子星内部或奇特超核。
