4606Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Feb;38(3-4):2585-2613. doi: 10.1177/08862605221101197. Epub 2022 Jun 4.
Sexual harassment and violence is a grave public health concern and risk for revictimization increases following initial exposure. Studies of sexual revictimization in military samples are generally limited to women and are focused on rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with no examination of how revictimization relates to interpersonal outcomes, such as relationship or sexual satisfaction. The current study addressed these gaps in a sample of 833 women and 556 men service members/veterans. Self-reported outcomes of PTSD, depression, suicidal ideation, sexual function, and relationship satisfaction were compared across those reporting exposure to sexual harassment and violence before the military only (i.e., pre-military), during the military only (i.e., military sexual harassment and violence [MSV]), before during the military (i.e., revictimization), and to no exposure. More than half of women (51.14%, = 426) reported revictimization and only 5.79% ( = 28) of men reported revictimization. Among women, those reporting MSV or revictimization tended to report higher PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation relative to pre-military sexual violence and no sexual violence exposure. No interpersonal outcomes were significantly different among these sexual violence groups. Among men, revictimization was associated with higher PTSD, depression, and sexual compulsivity. PTSD and depression were also higher among those reporting MSV only. No effects were found for premilitary sexual trauma exposure only or relationship satisfaction for either group. Findings highlight the particularly bothersome nature of MSV, whether it occurred alone or in tandem with premilitary sexual violence. Findings also show unique gender differences across outcomes, suggesting interventions following sexual harassment and violence may differ for men and women.
性侵犯和暴力是一个严重的公共卫生问题，初次暴露后再次受害的风险会增加。关于军事样本中的性再受害研究通常仅限于女性，并且侧重于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生率，而没有研究再受害与人际关系结果（如关系或性满意度）之间的关系。本研究在 833 名女性和 556 名男性现役/退伍军人样本中解决了这些空白。报告在军队中仅经历过性骚扰和暴力（即军事性骚扰和暴力[MSV]）、在军队中仅经历过性骚扰和暴力（即军事性骚扰和暴力[MSV]）、在军队之前和期间（即再次受害）以及没有经历过性骚扰和暴力的军人，比较了 PTSD、抑郁、自杀意念、性功能和关系满意度的自我报告结果。超过一半的女性（51.14%，n=426）报告了再次受害，只有 5.79%（n=28）的男性报告了再次受害。在女性中，与仅经历过军事前性暴力且无性暴力暴露的人群相比，报告 MSV 或再次受害的人群往往报告 PTSD、抑郁和自杀意念更高。这些性暴力群体之间没有任何人际关系结果存在显著差异。在男性中，再次受害与 PTSD、抑郁和性强迫更高有关。仅报告 MSV 的人群的 PTSD 和抑郁也更高。仅报告军事前性创伤暴露或关系满意度的人群均未发现任何影响。研究结果强调了 MSV 的特别麻烦性质，无论它是单独发生还是与军事前性暴力同时发生。研究结果还显示，在不同的结果中存在独特的性别差异，这表明针对性骚扰和暴力的干预措施可能因男性和女性而有所不同。
