Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(31):10814-10835. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084028. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Polyphenols with high chemical diversity are present in vegetables both in the edible parts and by-products. A large proportion of them remains unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, being accumulated in the colon, where they are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota. These polyphenols have been found to have "prebiotic-like" effects. The edible plant industry generates tons of residues called by-products, which consist of unutilized plant tissues (peels, husks, calyxes and seeds). Their disposal requires special and costly treatments to avoid environmental complications. Reintroducing these by-products into the value chain using technological and biotechnological practices is highly appealing since many of them contain nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, with many health-promoting properties. Edible plant by-products as a source of polyphenols highlights the need for analytical methods. Analytical methods are becoming increasingly selective, sensitive and precise, but the great breakthrough lies in the pretreatment of the sample and in particular in the extraction methods. This review shows the importance of edible plant by-products as a source of polyphenols, due to their prebiotic effect, and to compile the most appropriate analytical methods for the determination of the total content of phenolic compounds as well as the detection and quantification of individual polyphenols.
蔬菜中的多酚具有高度的化学多样性，既存在于可食用部分，也存在于副产物中。其中很大一部分沿着胃肠道未被吸收，在结肠中积累，在那里被肠道微生物群代谢。这些多酚具有“类似益生元”的作用。食用植物产业产生大量被称为副产物的残留物，这些残留物由未被利用的植物组织（果皮、外壳、花萼和种子）组成。为了避免环境并发症，需要特殊且昂贵的处理方法来处理这些副产物。通过技术和生物技术实践将这些副产物重新引入价值链是非常有吸引力的，因为它们中的许多都含有营养物质和生物活性化合物，如多酚，具有许多促进健康的特性。食用植物副产物作为多酚的来源，突出了分析方法的必要性。分析方法变得越来越具有选择性、灵敏性和精确性，但巨大的突破在于样品的预处理，特别是在提取方法方面。本文综述了食用植物副产物作为多酚来源的重要性，因为它们具有益生元作用，并为确定总酚类化合物的含量以及检测和定量个别多酚类化合物，编译了最合适的分析方法。
