Arthroscopy. 2022 Jun;38(6):1843-1845. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.01.014.
Shoulder long head biceps pathology is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. The fact that there are many surgical techniques available has led to discussion of which should be the best treatment; although, in general terms, the two main options are tenotomy or tenodesis. Tenotomy is a simple technique, with a low rate of complications and a very good cost-benefit ratio, faster recovery, and less use of narcotic pain medications. Tenodesis has a lower risk of "Popeye deformity" and theoretically better biomechanics and strength, but few studies confirm superior outcomes in cases of biceps disease without concomitant lesions. In addition, there is no consensus as to which technique provides the best result: open or arthroscopic technique, subpectoral or fixation in the bicipital groove, soft tissue, or bony fixation. Generally, all techniques function at least two years after the surgery. We indicate arthroscopic suprapectoral bone tenodesis fixed with a screw in very selected cases: 20 patients <50 years old with good bone quality and engaged in work or sports that require flexion and supination strength. On the other hand, in chronic rupture with Popeye deformity and pain after rehabilitation, we perform open subpectoral tenodesis due to residual retraction, making suprapectoral fixation impossible or overtensioned. The correct length-tension of the long head biceps during tenodesis is critical; inappropriate tensioning can result in undesirable outcomes.
肩长头肱二头肌病变是引起肩部疼痛的最常见原因之一。由于有许多手术技术可用,因此已经讨论了哪种方法是最佳治疗方法;尽管一般来说,两种主要选择是肌腱切断术或肌腱固定术。肌腱切断术是一种简单的技术,并发症发生率低,成本效益比非常好,恢复更快,对麻醉止痛药的使用更少。肌腱固定术发生“大力水手畸形”的风险较低,理论上具有更好的生物力学和强度,但很少有研究证实对于没有伴随病变的肱二头肌疾病,该方法具有更好的结果。此外,对于哪种技术提供最佳结果尚无共识:开放或关节镜技术,胸肌下或肱二头肌沟固定,软组织或骨固定。通常,所有技术在手术后至少两年内都有效。我们仅在非常特定的情况下选择进行关节镜上肌下骨肌腱固定术:20 名<50 岁,骨质量良好,从事需要屈伸和旋前力量的工作或运动。另一方面,对于慢性破裂伴有大力水手畸形和康复后疼痛的患者,由于残留回缩,我们会进行开放的胸肌下肌腱固定术,因为无法进行或过度紧张的肌上固定。在肌腱固定术中,长头肱二头肌的正确长度张力至关重要;不当的拉紧可能会导致不良结果。