Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 Jul;305:115090. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115090. Epub 2022 May 29.
Previous cross-sectional and unidirectional longitudinal studies have investigated the associations among perceived parental warmth, positivity, and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents without distinguishing between-person effects from within-person effects.
The current study aimed to examine the dynamic longitudinal associations among perceived parental warmth, positivity, and depressive symptoms, including whether positivity functioned as a mediator of the reciprocal relations between perceived maternal/paternal warmth and depressive symptoms at the within-person level encompassing middle childhood to early adolescence.
A sample of 3765 Chinese students (45.8% girls; M age = 9.92 years, SD = 0.72; range = 9-12 years at Time 1) completed self-report measures on 4 occasions across 2 years, using 6-month intervals. Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models were employed to disentangle between- and within-person effects.
(a) Perceived maternal/paternal warmth and depressive symptoms reciprocally and negatively predicted each other; (b) positivity and depressive symptoms reciprocally and negatively predicted each other; (c) perceived maternal/paternal warmth and positivity reciprocally and positively predicted each other; (d) depressive symptoms indirectly predicted perceived maternal/paternal warmth via positivity; (e) perceived maternal warmth displayed earlier and more stable effects on positivity and depressive symptoms than perceived paternal warmth; and (f), no childhood sex differences existed in the observed associations.
These findings highlight the longitudinal within-person transactions among perceived parental warmth, positivity, and depressive symptoms, and the differential roles of perceived maternal/paternal warmth. These findings may help provide a potential theoretical framework through which to precisely identify objectives for early intervention.
先前的横断面和单向纵向研究调查了儿童和青少年感知到的父母温暖、积极性和抑郁症状之间的关联，但没有区分个体间效应和个体内效应。
本研究旨在检验感知到的父母温暖、积极性和抑郁症状之间的动态纵向关联，包括积极性是否在个体内水平上（涵盖从中期童年到早期青春期）中介了感知到的母亲/父亲温暖和抑郁症状之间的互惠关系。
一个由 3765 名中国学生组成的样本（45.8%为女生；M 年龄=9.92 岁，SD=0.72；范围为 9-12 岁，第 1 次时间点）在 2 年内完成了 4 次自我报告测量，间隔为 6 个月。采用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型来区分个体间和个体内效应。
（a）感知到的母亲/父亲温暖和抑郁症状相互负向预测对方；（b）积极性和抑郁症状相互负向预测对方；（c）感知到的母亲/父亲温暖和积极性相互正向预测对方；（d）抑郁症状通过积极性间接预测感知到的母亲/父亲温暖；（e）与感知到的父亲温暖相比，感知到的母亲温暖对积极性和抑郁症状的影响更早且更稳定；（f）在观察到的关联中，儿童性别间没有差异。
这些发现强调了感知到的父母温暖、积极性和抑郁症状之间的纵向个体内相互作用，以及感知到的母亲/父亲温暖的不同作用。这些发现可能有助于提供一个潜在的理论框架，通过该框架可以精确地确定早期干预的目标。
