Lee Daniel Y
InSilico Genomics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
J Immunother Precis Oncol. 2020 Oct 7;3(4):147-156. doi: 10.36401/JIPO-20-18. eCollection 2020 Nov.
How cancers are characterized and treated has evolved over the past few decades. Major advances in genomics tools and techniques have revealed interlinked regulatory pathways of cancers with unprecedented detail. Early discoveries led to success with rationally targeted small molecules and more recently with immunomodulatory agents, setting the stage for precision oncology. However, drug resistance to every agent has thus far proven intractable, sending us back to fill the gaps in our rudimentary knowledge of tumor biology. Epigenetics is emerging as a fundamental process in every hallmark of cancer. Large-scale interrogation of the cancer epigenome continues to reveal new mechanisms of astounding complexity. In this review, I present selected experimental and clinical examples that have shaped our understanding of cancer at the molecular level. Translation of our collective erudition into revolutionary diagnostic and treatment strategies will advance the precision oncology paradigm.
在过去几十年里，癌症的特征描述和治疗方式不断演变。基因组学工具和技术取得的重大进展以前所未有的细节揭示了癌症相互关联的调控途径。早期的发现促使合理靶向小分子药物取得成功，最近免疫调节剂也取得成功，为精准肿瘤学奠定了基础。然而，迄今为止，对每种药物的耐药性都难以解决，这让我们回过头去填补肿瘤生物学基础知识方面的空白。表观遗传学正成为癌症每个特征中的一个基本过程。对癌症表观基因组的大规模研究不断揭示出惊人复杂的新机制。在这篇综述中，我列举了一些选定的实验和临床实例，这些实例塑造了我们在分子水平上对癌症的理解。将我们的集体学识转化为革命性的诊断和治疗策略将推动精准肿瘤学范式的发展。
