McGlone J J, Curtis S E, Banks E M
Behav Neural Biol. 1987 Jan;47(1):27-39. doi: 10.1016/s0163-1047(87)90134-8.
A series of behavioral bioassays were conducted to determine the aggression-influencing properties of urine and other fluids. Subjects were prepuberal castrated male and female domestic pigs from commercial stocks. In the behavior assay, pigs were painted with a test fluid and grouped for a videotaped 90 min observation period. Experiment 1 validated use of videotape recording by showing that duration of aggressive behavior registered live was correlated with that obtained from video records (R = .98). In experiment 2, urine and plasma collected from actively aggressive pigs reduced the durations of aggressive behavior of test pigs compared with the effects of urine and plasma collected from socially stable, handled pigs. In Experiment 3, a new set of test pigs confirmed that urine from fighting pigs reduced the duration of attack by test pigs compared with urine from nonfighting, handled pigs. In addition, the suggested reproductive pheromone, 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one, substantially reduced the duration of attack. The effects of gender and aggressive state of urine-donor pigs on test pigs was determined in Experiment 4. Again, urine from castrated male and female aggressive pigs reduced attack by test pigs compared with the level of attack shown by test pigs coated with urine from handled castrated males and females. Urine from fighting and nonfighting intact males had similar effects on test pig aggression. In Experiment 5, urine was obtained from nonhandled, socially stable pigs in their home pens and again from the same pigs after they had been regrouped (aggressive). These urine types had no significant influence on test pigs' aggression over the entire 90-min observation. However, during the first 30 min nonhandled, nonfighting pigs' urine induced less aggression in test pigs than did urine from fighting pigs. Results indicate that urine and blood plasma from aggressive pigs reduces aggression by test pigs compared with the effects of urine from handled pigs. Handling may increase the aggression-promoting properties of urine, and aggression may inhibit this aggression-promoting property.
进行了一系列行为生物测定，以确定尿液和其他液体对攻击性的影响特性。实验对象是来自商业养殖的青春期前阉割的雄性和雌性家猪。在行为测定中，给猪涂抹测试液体，并分组进行90分钟的录像观察期。实验1通过表明现场记录的攻击行为持续时间与视频记录获得的持续时间相关（R = 0.98），验证了录像记录的使用。在实验2中，与从社会稳定、经过处理的猪身上采集的尿液和血浆相比，从积极攻击性猪身上采集的尿液和血浆减少了测试猪的攻击行为持续时间。在实验3中，一组新的测试猪证实，与来自非战斗、经过处理的猪的尿液相比，战斗猪的尿液减少了测试猪的攻击持续时间。此外，所提出的生殖信息素5α-雄甾-16-烯-3-酮显著减少了攻击持续时间。在实验4中确定了尿液供体猪的性别和攻击状态对测试猪的影响。同样，与涂抹来自经过处理的阉割雄性和雌性猪的尿液的测试猪所表现出的攻击水平相比，来自阉割的雄性和雌性攻击性猪的尿液减少了测试猪的攻击。战斗和非战斗未阉割雄性的尿液对测试猪的攻击性有类似影响。在实验5中，从未经处理、社会稳定的猪在其猪圈中采集尿液，然后在它们重新分组（具有攻击性）后再次从同一批猪身上采集尿液。这些尿液类型在整个90分钟的观察期间对测试猪的攻击性没有显著影响。然而，在最初的30分钟内，未经处理、非战斗猪的尿液比战斗猪的尿液在测试猪中引起的攻击性更小。结果表明，与经过处理的猪的尿液相比，攻击性猪的尿液和血浆减少了测试猪的攻击性。处理可能会增加尿液促进攻击的特性，而攻击性可能会抑制这种促进攻击的特性。
