Johnston Adam P W, Miller Freda D
Department of Applied Human Sciences; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
Michael Smith Laboratories; Department of Medical Genetics; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2022 Jun 6;14(9). doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041233.
Animals such as amphibians have an incredible capacity for regeneration with some being able to regrow their tail or appendages. Although some mammalian tissues like the skin and bones can repair following injury, there are only a few examples of true multilineage regeneration, including the distal portion of the digit tip. In both amphibians and mammals, however, to achieve successful repair or regeneration, it is now appreciated that intact nerve innervation is a necessity. Here, we review the current state of literature and discuss recent advances that identify axon-derived signals, Schwann cells, and nerve-derived mesenchymal cells as direct and indirect supporters of adult tissue homeostasis and repair. We posit that understanding how nerves positively influence repair and regeneration could lead to targeted regenerative medicine strategies to enhance tissue repair in humans.
诸如两栖动物之类的动物具有令人难以置信的再生能力，有些能够重新长出尾巴或附肢。尽管一些哺乳动物组织，如皮肤和骨骼，在受伤后可以修复，但真正的多谱系再生的例子却很少，包括指尖的远端部分。然而，在两栖动物和哺乳动物中，现在人们认识到，完整的神经支配是实现成功修复或再生的必要条件。在这里，我们回顾了当前的文献状况，并讨论了最近的进展，这些进展将轴突衍生信号、施万细胞和神经衍生的间充质细胞确定为成人组织稳态和修复的直接和间接支持者。我们认为，了解神经如何积极影响修复和再生可能会带来有针对性的再生医学策略，以增强人类的组织修复能力。
