Reinl Ann-Kathrin
Geschwister Scholl Institute of Political Science (GSI), Chair of Comparative Political Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany.
Soc Indic Res. 2022;163(3):1373-1397. doi: 10.1007/s11205-022-02937-2. Epub 2022 May 27.
This paper aims to discover underlying, as yet theoretically and empirically unexplored, distinctions in citizens' views of transnational solidarity within the European Union (EU). Building on literature regarding national welfare states, the paper presents an original concept of transnational solidarity consisting of two latent, not directly measurable, dimensions: first, citizens' preferences for risk-sharing among EU states and, second, their preferences for intra-EU redistribution. The diverse types of transnational solidarity examined in previous research should be assignable to either one or the other dimension. Moreover, previous research is based on the idea that the concept of transnational solidarity is comparable across EU countries; however, this premise has not been empirically examined so far. To test both these assumptions, I analyze data collected in Austria, Germany, and Greece in 2019 or 2020. The study runs multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to test whether the presented concept of transnational solidarity (a) applies and (b) is comparable between these nations. The empirical analysis supports both these assumptions. The populations of the three countries share the same understanding of transnational solidarity even though the willingness to express cross-country risk-sharing and redistribution varies significantly between the states. The study contributes to current research in the fields of European integration, political sociology, and survey methodology.
本文旨在发现欧盟（EU）公民对跨国团结的看法中潜在的、尚未在理论和实证上得到探索的差异。基于有关国家福利国家的文献，本文提出了一个跨国团结的原创概念，它由两个潜在的、不可直接测量的维度组成：第一，公民对欧盟国家间风险分担的偏好；第二，他们对欧盟内部再分配的偏好。先前研究中考察的不同类型的跨国团结应可归为这两个维度中的一个。此外，先前的研究基于跨国团结概念在欧盟国家间具有可比性这一观点；然而，这一前提迄今尚未得到实证检验。为了检验这两个假设，我分析了2019年或2020年在奥地利、德国和希腊收集的数据。该研究进行了多组验证性因素分析，以检验所提出的跨国团结概念（a）是否适用以及（b）在这些国家之间是否具有可比性。实证分析支持了这两个假设。尽管各国在表达跨国风险分担和再分配的意愿上存在显著差异，但这三个国家的民众对跨国团结有着相同的理解。该研究对欧洲一体化、政治社会学和调查方法等领域的当前研究做出了贡献。
