Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, PR China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Sep 15;212:114423. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114423. Epub 2022 May 26.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded, and non-coding RNA molecules that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, participating in the regulation of a variety of important biological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs are closely related to many major human diseases, especially cancer, and they are considered to be highly promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. To this end, the development of highly accurate, selective, and sensitive strategies for miRNA detection is essential for realizing the early diagnosis of diseases and improving the success rate of treatment. Over the past decade, functional nucleic acid nanostructures have emerged as powerful tools for detecting disease-related miRNAs because of their unique advantages, e.g., high stability, specificity, and activity. Particularly, thanks to the rapid advancement of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology, it is now feasible to strictly select and reasonably design functional nucleic acids with high specificity and activity toward targets of interest, and thereby enhance the performance of miRNA detection. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the application of functional nucleic acids including RNA aptamers and DNAzymes selected by SELEX in the construction of biosensors for miRNA detection in recent years. We also provide insights into the impact of the advantages of RNA aptamers and DNAzymes on the enhancement of the performance of miRNA biosensors. We hope this review will serve as a valuable foundation to inspire more exciting research in this emerging field in near future.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是一类小的、单链、非编码 RNA 分子，作为基因表达的转录后调控因子，参与多种重要生物活性的调节。越来越多的证据表明，miRNAs 与许多重大人类疾病密切相关，尤其是癌症，它们被认为是疾病诊断和治疗极具前景的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点。为此，开发高度准确、选择性和敏感的 miRNA 检测策略对于实现疾病的早期诊断和提高治疗成功率至关重要。在过去的十年中，由于具有独特的优势，如高稳定性、特异性和活性，功能核酸纳米结构已成为检测与疾病相关的 miRNAs 的有力工具。特别是，由于系统进化的配体指数富集（SELEX）技术的快速发展，现在可以严格选择和合理设计对感兴趣的靶标具有高特异性和活性的功能核酸，从而提高 miRNA 检测的性能。本文全面综述了近年来通过 SELEX 筛选的 RNA 适体和 DNA 酶等功能核酸在 miRNA 检测生物传感器构建中的应用。我们还探讨了 RNA 适体和 DNA 酶的优势对 miRNA 生物传感器性能增强的影响。我们希望这篇综述能为未来这一新兴领域的研究提供有价值的基础。
