Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Endocr Pract. 2022 Sep;28(9):835-841. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.05.010. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
To the assess the iodine status of preterm infants born in an area of iodine sufficiency using the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and compare these values across different feeding practices during the first 7 days of life.
In this cross-sectional study, 88 preterm infants born at 30 to 34 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a referral hospital in Tehran (Iran) were included. The infant UIC and TSH levels and breast milk iodine concentration in mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding were measured.
Median (interquartile range [IQR]) UIC and TSH levels in the study population were 81 (39-189) μg/L and 1.60 (0.80-2.85) mIU/L, respectively. When preterm infants were stratified by the type of feeding, the median (IQR) UICs were 64 (42-126) μg/L in parenteral nutrition, 125 (41-195) μg/L in exclusively breastfeeding, 57 (28-123) μg/L in formula feeding, and 45 (35-132) μg/L in mixed feeding, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = .31). The median (IQR) breast milk iodine concentration was 271 (177-521) μg/L in preterm infants exclusively fed their mothers' own milk. There was no significant difference in the proportion of the TSH levels of >5 mIU/L between preterm infants who received enteral and parenteral nutrition (P = .27).
Preterm infants are at risk of iodine deficiency even in an area where the general population has adequate iodine. Only the preterm infants who received exclusively their mothers' own milk had marginally adequate iodine status. Further studies are warranted to determine the necessity of iodine supplementation for this vulnerable group.
通过尿碘浓度（UIC）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平评估碘充足地区早产儿的碘营养状况，并比较出生后 7 天内不同喂养方式下的这些值。
在这项横断面研究中，纳入了 88 名胎龄为 30 至 34 周、入住德黑兰转诊医院新生儿重症监护病房的早产儿。测量了纯母乳喂养母亲的婴儿 UIC 和 TSH 水平以及母乳碘浓度。
研究人群的 UIC 和 TSH 水平中位数（四分位距 [IQR]）分别为 81（39-189）μg/L 和 1.60（0.80-2.85）mIU/L。按喂养方式将早产儿分层时，静脉营养组的 UIC 中位数（IQR）为 64（42-126）μg/L，纯母乳喂养组为 125（41-195）μg/L，配方奶喂养组为 57（28-123）μg/L，混合喂养组为 45（35-132）μg/L，组间无统计学差异（P=.31）。纯母乳喂养婴儿的母乳碘浓度中位数（IQR）为 271（177-521）μg/L。接受肠内和肠外营养的早产儿中 TSH 水平>5 mIU/L 的比例无显著差异（P=.27）。
即使在一般人群碘充足的地区，早产儿也有碘缺乏的风险。只有接受纯母乳喂养的早产儿碘营养状况略为充足。需要进一步研究来确定这一脆弱群体是否需要补充碘。
