Tools for studying ion solvation and ion pair formation in ionic liquids: isotopic substitution Raman spectroscopy.

Isotopic H/D or Li substitution Raman spectroscopy was applied to new kinds of ionic liquids; N-methylimidazole (CIm) and acetic acid (CHCOOH) as the pseudo-protic ionic liquid (pPIL), and both of the neat and the 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (HFE) diluted Li-glyme solvate ionic liquids (SIL) [Li(Gn)][TFSA] (Gn, glyme n = 3 or 4); TFSA, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) to clarify the proton transfer or the Li solvation/ion pair formation. The isotopic substitution Raman (ISR) spectra were obtained as the difference between the samples containing the same composition except the substituted isotope. The calculated and theoretical ISR spectra were also evaluated for comparison. With the CIm-CHCOOH(D) pPIL, the Raman bands attributable to the CIm/CHIm gave signals of differential shape, and they were well reproduced with the curve fitting by taking the small amount of CHIm and CHCOO generation into consideration. The ISR spectra for the SIL were well explained by the formation of the Li-TFSA contact ion pair (CIP) and the solvent shared ion pair (SSIP) in the [Li(G3)][TFSA] SIL. In addition, the ISR spectra for the HFE-diluted [Li(G4)][TFSA] SIL clearly proved that the HFE hardly coordinates to the Li in the HFE-diluted SIL. Here, the ISR spectroscopy is proposed as a new tool for studying the ion solvation and the ion pair formation in ionic liquids.