Lymphatic Regulation in Tissue Repair and Regeneration: Recent Advances and Future Perspective.

Lymphatic vasculature plays essential role in interstitial tissue uptake, immune cell transport and dietary lipid absorption. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the contribution of lymphangiogenesis to tissue repair and regeneration, which is associated with multiple factors such as improved tissue homeostasis, inflammation resolution, and immunomodulation effects. Meanwhile, lymphangiogenesis has the potential to regulate cell growth and proliferation through paracrine effects. Lymphatic vessels can also be important components of the stem cell niche and participate in regulating stem cell quiescency or activity. In perspective, the functions and mechanisms of lymphatic vessels in tissue repair and regeneration deserve further investigation. Novel strategies to stimulate lymphangiogenesis by using pharmacological, genetic, and lymphatic tissue engineering will be prospective to promote tissue repair and regeneration.