Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, School of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Jun 1;82:e261032. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.261032. eCollection 2022.
Continuous use of chemical fertilizers gradually shrinks the crop yield and quality, and these adverse effects can be reduced by adopting new sustainable practices such as the use of manure, biofertilizers, and nano fertilizers. Limited information is existed on the application of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis microbes to improve lemon seedlings growth, physiology, and fruit formation. Therefore, the current study is aimed to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis microbes mixing with low levels of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) on the plant growth, development, and quality of limau nipis (key lemon) fruits. The lemon seedlings growing media were inoculated during transplanting with T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis at various NPK fertilizers under polybagged conditions. The seedlings were grown around eighteen (18) months after inoculation with biofertilizers followed by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five (5) replications. The results showed that T. harzianum with 50 g of NPK treatment (T2) increased the seedling's height, branch number, leaf height, ground area, and absolute growth rate (AGR) plant height by 50.12%, 107.84%, 17.91%, 17.91%, 116.93%, and 56.02%, respectively, over the control treatment. The number of leaves (60.82%), leaf area (42.75%), stem diameter (27.34%), specific leaf area (SLA) (39.07%), leaf area index (LAI) (54.40%), and absolute growth rate for leaf number (73.86%), leaf area (306.85%) and stem diameter (46.8%) of lemon seedlings increased significantly with B. thuringiensis plus 50 g NPK treatment (T3). The applications of B. thuringiensis with 25 g NPK fertilizer treatment (T5) increased leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf moisture content (LMC), specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf relative growth rate (RGR), and chlorophyll content by 96.45%, 56.78%, 13.60%, 24.76%, 45.45%, and 16.22%, respectively, over the control group. In addition, T5 treatment increased the fruits number, individual fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit dimension, leaf total soluble solids (TSS), and fruit TSS content of lemon tress by 81.81%, 55.52%, 43.54%, 25.69%, 89.47%, and 70.78% compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, soil inoculation of B. thuringiensis significantly increased the pulp to peel ratio and juice content of lemon fruits. From this study, it can be concluded that soil inoculation of both T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis with 25-50% NPK during transplanting improved plant growth, physiology, and fruit quality of limau nipis trees.
连续使用化肥会逐渐降低作物的产量和质量，而采用新的可持续实践，如使用有机肥、生物肥料和纳米肥料，可以减少这些不利影响。关于哈茨木霉和苏云金芽孢杆菌微生物的应用，以改善柠檬苗的生长、生理和果实形成，目前的研究还很有限。因此，本研究旨在评估哈茨木霉和苏云金芽孢杆菌微生物与低水平无机肥（NPK）混合对酸橙果实生长、发育和品质的影响。在袋装条件下，柠檬苗生长介质在移栽时接种哈茨木霉和苏云金芽孢杆菌，接种不同 NPK 肥料。接种生物肥料后，柠檬苗生长了大约 18 个月，然后进行随机完全区组设计（RCBD），有 5 个重复。结果表明，与对照处理相比，T2（哈茨木霉+50g NPK）处理使苗高、分枝数、叶高、地面面积和绝对生长速率（AGR）苗高分别增加了 50.12%、107.84%、17.91%、17.91%、116.93%和 56.02%。叶片数（60.82%）、叶面积（42.75%）、茎直径（27.34%）、比叶面积（SLA）（39.07%）、叶面积指数（LAI）（54.40%）和叶片数的绝对生长速率（73.86%）、叶面积（306.85%）和茎直径（46.8%）显著增加。B3（苏云金芽孢杆菌+50g NPK）处理还增加了柠檬苗的叶片鲜重（LFW）、叶片干重（LDW）、叶片含水量（LMC）、比叶重（SLW）、叶片相对生长率（RGR）和叶绿素含量，分别比对照组增加了 96.45%、56.78%、13.60%、24.76%、45.45%和 16.22%。此外，T5（苏云金芽孢杆菌+25g NPK）处理与对照组相比，柠檬树的果实数量、单果重、果实直径、果实尺寸、叶片总可溶性固体（TSS）和果实 TSS 含量分别增加了 81.81%、55.52%、43.54%、25.69%、89.47%和 70.78%。此外，土壤接种苏云金芽孢杆菌显著提高了柠檬果实的果肉与果皮比和果汁含量。从这项研究可以得出结论，在移栽时，用 25-50%的 NPK 进行土壤接种哈茨木霉和苏云金芽孢杆菌，可以提高酸橙树的生长、生理和果实品质。
